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The beneficial effects of multispecies Bacillus as probiotics in enhancing culture performance for mud crab Scylla paramamosain larval culture

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Abstract

Mud crabs (Scylla) are promising aquaculture crustaceans due to their fast growth and good market demand. High rates of larval mortalities associated with bacterial diseases in hatcheries are one of the major obstacles to the growth of Scylla aquaculture. Currently, antibiotics are used extensively in Scylla larval culture to improve survival rate, but its use poses numerous risks. The aim of this study was to determine the culture performance of Scylla paramamosain larvae with the use of a probiotic, namely a multispecies Bacillus, at various concentrations. In this study, the effects of Bacillus spp. were tested in three trials. There were higher average larval survivals in treatments with a multispecies Bacillus probiotics added compared with the control, especially at concentrations of 1.00 × 104 (12.33–18.33 ± 1.76–3.76 % compared to 1.67–3.67 ± 1.67–1.76 %; P < 0.05) and 2.00 × 104 cfu/ml. This was significantly lower than the control (1.33 ± 1.33 cfu/ml compared to 32.67 ± 11.05 cfu/ml) during the later days post-hatching. Green colonies Vibrios are known to be pathogenic to Scylla larvae, and thus lower numbers are desirable in culture. The recommended concentration of the multispecies Bacillus to be added into S. paramamosain larvae was therefore 1.00 × 104 and 2.00 × 104 cfu/ml (0.50 and 1.00 g/50 l, respectively). The use of Bacillus as a probiotic is an ideal alternative to antibiotics in Scylla hatcheries to provide a consistent, commercially feasible production of seedlings.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Jocelyn E. W. Goon our temporary Project Assistant under our Short Term Grant. We acknowledge the staff and students of CEMACS, USM, including the staff of “The Mud Crab Research Project”, CEMACS. This study was funded by the APEX Delivering Excellence (1002/PPANTAI/910331, USM), Short Term Grant (304/PPANTAI/6312131, USM), and the Post Graduate Research Grant Scheme (USM). The financial support of MyBrain15 (Ministry of Higher Education) and Graduate Assistant (USM) are equally acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Anita Talib

  2. Center for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Kwong Kok Onn, Md Arif Chowdury, Wan Mustaffa Wan Din & Khairun Yahya

  3. School of Biological Science, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Khairun Yahya

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  1. Anita Talib
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  2. Kwong Kok Onn
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Correspondence to Anita Talib.

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Talib, A., Onn, K.K., Chowdury, M.A. et al. The beneficial effects of multispecies Bacillus as probiotics in enhancing culture performance for mud crab Scylla paramamosain larval culture. Aquacult Int 25, 849–866 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0070-5

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