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Elucidating the role of requiem in the growth and death of Chinese hamster ovary cells

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Abstract

Requiem, a hypothesized transcription factor with apoptosis-related activity, was previously shown to be a potential cell engineering gene target for improving recombinant protein production. Requiem suppression has resulted in improved viable cell density and extended culture viability, leading to an overall improvement in recombinant protein productivity. However, not much is known about the function of requiem. We found that requiem is highly conserved at both nucleotide and amino acid levels in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells when compared to human and mouse sequences, suggesting that requiem’s functional role is evolutionary well conserved. Upon inducing requiem over-expression, proliferation rates of CHO cells were significantly decreased with doubling times increased by 26%. Interestingly, the over-expression of requiem did not decrease cell viability and could not induce apoptosis. However, requiem sensitized the cells to increased caspase-9 activities under staurosporine-induced apoptosis, suggesting that it has a role to play in mitochondria-mediated apoptosis under staurosporine treatment. The nuclear localization of REQUIEM in CHO cells and its conserved plant homeodomain (PHD) zinc fingers seem to further support the hypothesis that requiem encodes for a potential transcription factor. Upon requiem over-expression, we found that the differentially expressed genes involved in transcriptional regulation and cell proliferation and growth were associated both upstream and downstream of p53.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Hsueh Lee Lim, Sze Wai Ng and Dr Peter Morin Nissom for excellent technical assistance with the CHO Affymetrix microarrays, and Dr Zhiwei Song for critical review of this manuscript. This work was supported by the Biomedical Research Council of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK

    Yiping Lim & Athanasios Mantalaris

  2. Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 20 Biopolis Way, #06-01, Centros, 138668, Singapore

    Yiping Lim, Miranda G. S. Yap & Danny C. F. Wong

  3. Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Block S4, 18 Science Drive 4, Kent Ridge, 117543, Singapore

    Valerie X. F. Seah

  4. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 10 Kent Ridge Crescent, 119620, Singapore

    Miranda G. S. Yap

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  1. Yiping Lim
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  2. Valerie X. F. Seah
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  5. Danny C. F. Wong
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Correspondence to Danny C. F. Wong.

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Lim, Y., Seah, V.X.F., Mantalaris, A. et al. Elucidating the role of requiem in the growth and death of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Apoptosis 15, 450–462 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-009-0433-8

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