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Sulindac-derived reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-induced mitochondrial dysfunction

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Abstract

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are well known to induce apoptosis of cancer cells independent of their ability to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2, but the molecular mechanism for this effect has not yet been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the potential signaling components underlying sulindac-induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. We found that sulindac induces apoptosis by promoting ROS generation, accompanied by opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, release of cytochrome c and apoptosis inducing factor from mitochondria, followed by caspase activation. Bcl-2 cleavage and down-regulation of the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family including cIAP-1/2, XIAP, and survivin, occurred downstream of ROS production during sulindac-induced apoptosis. Forced expression of survivin and Bcl-2 blocked sulindac-induced apoptosis. Most importantly, sulindac-derived ROS activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and p53. SB203580, a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, and RNA inhibition of p53 inhibited the sulindac-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, p53, Bax, and Bak accumulated in mitochondria during sulindac-induced apoptosis. All of these events were significantly suppressed by SB203580. Our results demonstrate a novel mechanism of sulindac-induced apoptosis in human MM cells, namely, accumulation of p53, Bax, and Bak in mitochondria mediated by p38 MAPK activation downstream of ROS production.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, 215-4 Gongneung-Dong, Nowon-Ku, Seoul, 139-706, Republic of Korea

    Sung-Keum Seo, Hyung-Chahn Lee, Sang-Hyeok Woo, Hyeon-Ok Jin, Doo-Hyun Yoo, Myung-Jin Park, Seok-Il Hong, In-Chul Park & Chang-Hun Rhee

  2. Laboratory of Radiation Experimental Therapeutics, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Su-Jae Lee

  3. Functional Genoproteome Research Centre, Department of Microbial Engineering, Kon-Kuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

    Sungkwan An & Tae-Boo Choe

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  1. Sung-Keum Seo
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Correspondence to In-Chul Park.

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Seo, SK., Lee, HC., Woo, SH. et al. Sulindac-derived reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis of human multiple myeloma cells via p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Apoptosis 12, 195–209 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10495-006-0527-5

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