Abstract
Large Eddy Simulations of zero-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers over riblets have been conducted. All along the controlled domain, riblets maintain a significant 11 % drag reduction with respect to the flat plate at the same R e τ (from 250 to 450). To compare the flows above riblets and a reference smooth wall, an appropriate vertical shift between the two surfaces is required. In the present study, the “vertical origin” is set using the identity of Fukagata, Iwamoto and Kasagi (FIK) in Phys. Fluids, vol. 14, 2002, L73. This identity, which provides a physically meaningful decomposition of the skin friction, has been extended to complex wall surfaces and constitutes the basis for the derivation of a new virtual origin. Using this FIK-based origin, it is shown that the complex interactions between the riblets and the near-wall turbulent structures can be taken into account by a simple shift of the two axes of the mean and turbulent velocity profiles. The appropriate upward shift Δu +, typical for drag reduction, is directly dependent on the skin friction on the riblets and on the reference smooth plate at the same R e τ .
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Walsh, M.J., Weinstein, L.M.: Drag and heat transfer on surfaces with small longitudinal fins. AIAA Paper 78-1161 (1978)
Hooshmand, D., Youngs, R.A., Wallace, J.M.: An experimental study of changes in the structure of a turbulent boundary layer due to surface geometry changes. AIAA Paper 83-0230 (1983)
Bechert, D.W., Bruse, M., Hage, W., Van Der Hoeven, J.G.T., Hoppe, G.: Experiments on drag-reducing surfaces and their optimization with an adjustable geometry. J. Fluid Mech. 338, 59–87 (1997)
Chu, D.C., Karniadakis, G.E.: A direct numerical simulation of laminar and turbulent flow over riblet-mounted surfaces. J. Fluid Mech. 250, 1–42 (1993)
Choi, H., Moin, P., Kim, J.: Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over riblets. J. Fluid Mech. 255, 503–539 (1993)
Coustols, E., Savill, A.M.: Turbulent skin-friction drag reduction by active and passive means: parts 1 and 2. Special course on skin-friction drag reduction (AGARD Report 786) (1992)
Bechert, D.W., Bartenwerfer, M.: The viscous flow on surfaces with longitudinal ribs. J. Fluid Mech. 206, 105–129 (1989)
Luchini, P., Manzo, F., Pozzi, A.: Resistance of a grooved surface to parallel flow and cross-flow. J. Fluid Mech. 228, 87–109 (1991)
Jiménez, J.: Turbulent flows over rough walls. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 36, 173–196 (2004)
Goldstein, D.B., Tuan, T.C.: Secondary flow induced by riblets. J. Fluid Mech. 363, 115–151 (1998)
García-Mayoral, R., Jiménez, J.: Drag reduction by riblets. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 369(1940), 1412–1427 (2011)
García-Mayoral, R., Jiménez, J.: Scaling of turbulent structures in riblet channels up to Re τ ≈550. Phys. Fluids 24(10), 105101 (2012)
Choi, K.S.: Near-wall structure of a turbulent boundary layer with riblets. J. Fluid Mech. 208, 417–458 (1989)
Coles, D.: The law of the wake in the turbulent boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 1, 191–226 (1956)
Perry, A.E., Joubert, P.N.: Rough wall boundary layers in adverse pressure gradients. J. Fluid Mech. 17, 193–211 (1963)
Gallagher, J.A., Thomas, A.S.W.: Turbulent boundary layer characteristics over streamwise grooves. AIAA Paper 84-2185 (1984)
Bandyopadhyay, P.R.: Review—Mean flow in turbulent boundary layers disturbed to alter skin friction. AIAA Paper 86-1126 (1986)
Fukagata, K., Iwamoto, K., Kasagi, N.: Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in wall-bounded flows. Phys. Fluids 14(11), L73 (2002)
Gomez, T., Flutet, V., Sagaut, P.: Contribution of Reynolds stress distribution to the skin friction in compressible turbulent channel flows. Phys. Rev. E 89, 035,301 (2009)
Peet, Y., Sagaut, P.: Theoretical prediction of turbulent skin friction on geometrically complex surfaces. Phys. Fluids 21(10), 105,105 (2009)
Klumpp, S., Meinke, M., Schröder, W.: Numerical simulation of riblet controlled spatial transition in a zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer. Flow Turbul. Combust. 85(1), 57–71 (2010)
Strand, J.S., Goldstein, D.B.: Direct numerical simulations of riblets to constrain the growth of turbulent spots. J. Fluid Mech. 668, 267–292 (2011)
Duan, L., Choudhari, M.M.: Direct numerical simulations of high-speed turbulent boundary layers over riblets. In: 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting, vol. 0934 (2014)
Lee, J.H., Lee, S.H., Kim, K., Sung, H.J.: Structure of the turbulent boundary layer over a rod-roughened wall. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 30, 1087–1098 (2009)
Mary, I., Sagaut, P.: Large eddy simulation of flow around an airfoil near stall. AIAA J. 40(6), 1139 (2002)
Lenormand, E., Sagaut, P., Ta Phuoc, L., Comte, P.: Subgrid-scale models for large-eddy simulation of compressible wall bounded flows. AIAA J. 38(8), 1340–1350 (2000)
Pamiès, M., Weiss, P.E., Garnier, E., Deck, S., Sagaut, P.: Generation of synthetic turbulent inflow data for large-eddy simulation of spatially-evolving wall-bounded flows. Phys. Fluids 21(4), 045103 (2009)
Jarrin, N., Benhamadouche, S., Laurence, D., Prosser, R.: A synthetic-eddy-method for generating inflow conditions for large-eddy simulations. Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 27(4), 585–593 (2006)
Larchevêque, L., Sagaut, P., Mary, I., Labbé, O., Comte, P.: Large-eddy simulation of a compressible flow past a deep cavity. Phys. Fluids 15(1), 193–210 (2003)
Laurent, C., Mary, I., Gleize, V., Lerat, A., Arnal, D.: DNS database of a transitional separation bubble on a flat plate and application to RANS modeling validation. Comput. Fluids 61, 21–30 (2011)
Stenzel, V., Wilke, Y., Hage, W.: Drag-reducing paints for the reduction of fuel consumption in aviation and shipping. Prog. Org. Coat. 70, 224–229 (2011)
Maruyama, D., Bailly, D., Carrier, G.: High-quality mesh deformation using quaternions for orthogonality preservation. AIAA J. 52(12), 2712–2729 (2014)
Deck, S., Weiss, P.E., Pamiès, M., Garnier, E.: Zonal Detached Eddy Simulation of a spatially developing flat plate turbulent boundary layer. Comput. Fluids 48, 1–15 (2011)
Choi, H., Moin, P.: Effects of the computational time step on numerical solutions of turbulent flow. J. Comp. Phys. 113, 1–4 (1994)
Mignot, E., Barthelemy, E., Hurther, D.: Double-averaging analysis and local flow characterization of near-bed turbulence in gravel-bed channel flows. J. Fluid Mech. 618, 279–303 (2009)
Wu, X., Moin, P.: Direct numerical simulation of turbulence in a nominally zero-pressure-gradient flat-plate boundary layer. J. Fluid Mech. 630, 5–41 (2009)
Schlatter, P., Örlü, R.: Assessment of direct numerical simulation data of turbulent boundary layers. J. Fluid Mech. 659, 116–126 (2010)
Smits, A.J., Matheson, N., Joubert, P.N.: Low-Reynolds-number turbulent boundary layers in zero and favourable pressure gradients. J. Ship Res. 27, 147–157 (1983)
Nagib, H.M., Chauhan, K.A., Monkewitz, P.A.: Approach to an asymptotic state for zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layer. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A 365, 755–770 (2007)
Ricco, P., Ottonelli, C., Hasegawa, Y., Quadrio, M.: Changes in turbulent dissipation in a channel flow with oscillating walls. J. Fluid Mech. 700, 77–104 (2012)
Hasegawa, Y., Quadrio, M., Frohnapfel, B.: Numerical simulation of turbulent duct flows with constant power input. J. Fluid Mech. 750, 191–209 (2014)
Walsh, M.J., Lindemann, A.M.: Optimization and application of riblets for turbulent drag reduction. AIAA Paper 84-0347 (1984)
Mehdi, F., Johansson, T.G., White, C.M., Naughton, J.W.: On determining wall shear stress in spatially developing two-dimensional wall-bounded flows. Exp. Fluids 55, 1656 (2014)
Deck, S., Renard, N., Laraufie, R., Weiss, P.E.: Large-scale contribution to mean wall shear stress in high-Reynolds-number flat-plate boundary layers up to R e δ =13650. J. Fluid Mech. 743, 202–248 (2014)
Mehdi, F., White, C.M.: Integral form of the skin friction coefficient suitable for experimental data. Exp. Fluids 50, 43–51 (2011)
Jiménez, J., Pinelli, A.: The autonomous cycle of near-wall turbulence. J. Fluid Mech. 389, 335–359 (1999)
Bechert, D.W., Bartenwerfer, M., Hoppe, G., Reif, W.E.: Drag reduction mechanisms derived from shark skin. In: 15th Congress of the international council of the aeronautical sciences (ICAS), vol. 86-1.8.3, pp. 1044–1068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, New York, London, England (1986)
Peet, Y., Sagaut, P., Charron, Y.: Pressure loss reduction in hydrogen pipelines by surface restructuring. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34(21), 8964–8973 (2009)
Jung, W.J., Mangiavacchi, N., Akhavan, R.: Suppression of turbulence in wall-bounded flows by high-frequency spanwise oscillations. Phys. Fluids A 4(8), 1605 (1992)
Lumley, J.: Drag reduction in turbulent flow by polymer additives. J. Polym. Sci. Macromol. Rev. 7, 263–290 (1973)
Aupoix, B., Pailhas, G., Houdeville, R.: Towards a general strategy to model riblet effects. AIAA J. 50(3), 708–716 (2012)
Iwamoto, K., Fukagata, K., Kasagi, N., Suzuki, Y.: Friction drag reduction achievable by near-wall turbulence manipulation at high Reynolds numbers. Phys. Fluids 17, 011702 (2005)
Fukagata, K., Kasagi, N., Koumoutsakos, P.: A theoretical prediction of friction drag reduction in turbulent flow by superhydrophobic surfaces. Phys. Fluids 18, 051703 (2006)
Min, T., Kim, J.: Effects of hydrophobic surface on skin-friction drag. Phys. Fluids 16(7), L55 (2004)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bannier, A., Garnier, É. & Sagaut, P. Riblet Flow Model Based on an Extended FIK Identity. Flow Turbulence Combust 95, 351–376 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-015-9624-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-015-9624-2