Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from Haryana and Rajasthan states of India

  • Published:
Experimental and Applied Acarology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Acaricide resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum ticks against deltamethrin and diazinon was assessed in Hisar (Haryana) and its adjoining district Churu (Rajasthan) using adult immersion test (AIT) and larval packet test (LPT). The mortality slope, LC50, LC95, 95 % confidence limit and resistance factor of field ticks were determined. Results showed that R. (B.) microplus ticks collected from Tohana (Hisar) were found resistant to both the acaricides while the ticks of Agroha (Hisar) were found to be susceptible using AIT. Similar results were observed by using standard method of LPT. Again, H. anatolicum tick isolates of Tara Nagar (Churu) were found susceptible whereas Churu tick isolates were found to be resistant using AIT for both the acaricides. LPT indicated susceptible status of H. anatolicum ticks collected from Churu as well as Tara Nagar for both the acaricides. The study warrants the need for strategic use of available acaricides to overcome the development of acaricide resistance in ticks.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abdullah S, Yadav CL, Vatsya S (2013) Comparative efficacy of two synthetic pyrethroids against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. Acarina 21:84–87

    Google Scholar 

  • Apanaskevich DA, Horak IG (2005) The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844. ΙΙ. Taxonomic status of H. (Euhyalomma) anatolicum Koch, 1844 and H. (E.) excavatum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescriptions of all stages. Acarina 13:181–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Benavides OE, Romero NA, Rodriguez JL, Silva ZJ (1999) Evidencia preliminar de la aparicion de resistenciaa lactonas macrociclicas encepas de garrapata Boophilus microplus en Colombia. In: Memorias IV Seminarios Internacional de Parasitologia, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco., Mexico 20–22:266–264

  • Castro-Janer E, Rifran L, Piaggio J, Gil A, Miller RJ, Schumaker TTS (2009) In vitro tests to establish LC50 and discriminating concentrations for fipronil against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and their standardization. Vet Parasitol 162:120–128

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Castro-Janer E, Martins JR, Mendes MC, Namindome A, Klafke GM, Schumaker TT (2010) Diagnoses of fipronil resistance in Brazilian cattle ticks (Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus) using in vitro larval bioassays. Vet Parasitol 173:300–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Conway GR, Comins HN (1979) Resistance to pesticides. 2. Lessons in strategy from mathematical models. Span 22:53–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Davey RB, George JE (1998) In vitro and in vivo evaluations of a strain of Boopbilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) selected for resistance to permethrin. J Med Entomol 35:1013–1019

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davey RB, George JE, Miller RJ (2003) Efficacy of various concentrations of coumaphos to control adult, nymphal, and larval stages of an organophosphate-resistant strain of Boophilus microplus on infested cattle. Am J Vet Res 64:684–689

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De Castro JJ (1997) Sustainable tick and tick borne diseases control in livestock improvement in developing countries. Vet Parasitol 71:77–97

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Drummond RO, Ernst SE, Trevino JL, Gladney WJ, Graham OH (1973) Boophilus annulatus and Boophilus microplus: laboratory test of insecticides. J Econ Entomol 66:130–133

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Enayati AA, Asgarian E, Sharif M, Boujhmehrani H, Amouei A, Vahedi N, Boudaghi B, Piazak N, Hemingway J (2009) Propetamphos resistance in Rhipicephalus bursa (Acari, Ixodidae). Vet Parasitol 162:135–141

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • FAO (1971) Recommended methods for the detection and measurement of resistance of agricultural pests to pesticides. Tendative method for larvae of cattle ticks, Boophilus spp. FAO method No. 7. FAO Plant Prot Bull 19:15–18

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO (2004) Guidelines resistance management and integrated parasite control in ruminants. Module 1: ticks: acaricide resistance: diagnosis, management and prevention, pp 1–53

  • Finney DJ (1962) Probit analysis—a statistical treatment of the response curve. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 1–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Foil LD, Coleman-Eisler M, Fragoso-Sanches H, Garcia-Vanquez Z, Guerrero FD, Jonsson NN, Langstaff IC, Li AY, Machila N, Miller RJ, Pruett JH, Torr S (2004) Factors that influence the prevalence of acaricide resistance and tick borne diseases. Vet Parasitol 125:163–181

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghosh S, Azhahianambi P, de la Fuente J (2006) Control of ticks of ruminants, with special emphasis on livestock farming systems in India: present and future possibilities for integrated control—a review. Exp Appl Acarol 40:49–66

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Harley KLS (1966) Studies on the survival of the nonparasitic stages of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus in three climatically dissimilar districts of North Queensland. Aust J Agric Res 17:387–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaiser MN, Hoogstraal H (1964) The Hyalomma ticks (Ixodoidea, Ixodidae) of Pakistan, India and Ceylon with keys to subgenera and species. Acarol 6:257–286

    Google Scholar 

  • Klafke GM, Castro-Janer E, Mendes MC, Namindome A, Schumaker TT (2012) Applicability of in vitro bioassays for the diagnosis of ivermectin resistance in Rhipicephalus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Vet Parasitol 184:212–220

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Paul S, Sharma AK, Kumar R, Tewari SS, Chaudhuri P, Ray DD, Rawat AKS, Ghosh S (2011) Diazinon resistant status in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from different agro climatic zones of India. Vet Parasit 181:274–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li MAY, Davey RB, Miller RJ, George JE (2003) Resistance to coumaphos and diazinon in Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) and evidence for the involvement of an oxidative detoxification mechanism. J Med Entomol 40:482–490

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li AY, Pruett JH, Davey RB, George JE (2005) Toxicological and biochemical characterization of coumaphos resistance in the San Roman strain of Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae). Pestic Biochem Physiol 81:145–153

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mendes MC, Pereira JR, Prado AP (2007) Sensitivity of Boophilus microplus (Acri: Ixodidae). to pyrethroids and organophosphates in the farms in the Vale Do Paraiba region, Sao Paolo, Brazil. Arq Inst Biol 74:81–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller TA (1988) Mechanisms of resistance to pyrethroid insecticides. Parasitol Today 4:S8–S12

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miller RJ, Davey RB, George JE (2005) First report of organophosphate resistant Boophilus microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) collected within the United States. J Med Entomol 42:912–917

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Minjauw B, Mc Leod A (2003) Tick borne diseases and poverty: the impact of ticks and tick borne diseases on the livelihood of small scale and marginal livestock owners in India and estern and southern Africa. Research reports, DFID Animal Health Programme. Edinberg: Centre for Tropical Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinberg, UK, pp 59–60

  • Miranpuri GS (1979) Tick taxonomy in India-a review (including notes on their biology, ecology, geographical distribution, hostrelationship, ticks and tick-borne diseases and keys for species identification). Workshop on Advances in Insect Taxonomy in India and the Orient. Himachal Pradesh: Association for the Study of Oriental Insects

  • Parola P, Raoult D (2001) Ticks and tickborne bacterial diseases in humans: an emerging infectious threat. Clin Infect Dis 32:897–928

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Paul S (2010) Characterization of acetylcholinesterase mediated acaricidal resistance in Indian isolates of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. PhD thesis submitted to Deemed University, IVRI

  • Ravindran R, Ramankutty SA, Juliet S, Palayullaparambil AKT, Gopi J, Gopalan AKK, Nair SN, Ghosh S (2014) Comparison of in vitro acaricidal effects of commercial preparations of cypermethrin and fenvalerate against Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) annulatus. http://www.springerplus.com/content/3/1/90

  • Roulston WJ (1969) Acaricide reisistance in cattle tick Boophilus microplus in Australia. In: Proceedings of 2nd international congress acarology, pp 515–521

  • Roulston WJ, Wharton RH (1967) Acaricide tests on the Biarra strain of organophosphorus resistant cattle tick, Boophilus microplus from southern Queensland. Aust Vet J 43:129–134

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sangwan AK, Chhabra MB, Singh S (1993) Acaricide resistance status of common livestock ticks of Haryana. Ind Vet J 70:20–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma AK, Kumar R, Kumar S, Nagar G, Singh NK, Rawat SS, Dhakadd ML, Rawat AKS, Ray DD, Ghosh S (2012) Deltamethrin and cypermethrin resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from six agro-climatic regions of India. Vet Parasitol 188:337–345

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shyma KP, Kumar S, Sharma AK, Ray DD, Ghosh S (2012) Acaricide resistance status in Indian isolates of Hyalomma anatolicum. Exp Appl Acarol 58:471–481

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shyma KP, Kumar S, Sharma AK, Nagar G, Ray DD, Ghosh S (2013) Acaricide resistance status of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from Haryana. Ind J Anim Sci 83:591–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Simlimger C (2005) European union concentrate action on Lyme Borreliosis

  • Singh NK, Jyoti Haque M, Rath SS (2010) Studies on acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus against synthetic pyrethroids by adult immersion test with a discriminating dose. J Vet Parasitol 24:207–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh NK, Jyoti Haquea M, Singh H, Ratha SS, Ghosh S (2014) A comparative study on cypermethrin resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum from Punjab (India). Ticks Tick Borne Dis 5:90–94

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Snedecor GW, Cochran WG (1968) Statistical Methods. IBH Publishing Company, Calcutta 593

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone BF, Haydock P (1962) A method for measuring the acaricide susceptibility of the cattle tick Boophilus microplus. Bull Entomol Res 53:563–578

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vatsya S, Yadav CL (2011) Evaluation of acaricide resistance mechanisms in field populations of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus collected from India. Int J Acarol 37:405–410

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wharton RH (1976) Tick borne livestock diseases and their vectors: acaricide resistance and alternative method of tick control. World Anim Rev 20:8–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Wharton RH, Roulston WJ (1970) Resistance of ticks to chemicals. Annu Rev Entomol 15:381–404

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author is thankful to Dr. Arun Kumar Sangwan, Professor, Head Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Dr. (Mrs) Nirmal Sangwan, Professor, Head Department of Veterinary Biochemistry and Physiology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar-125004, India, for excellent guidance and providing the facilities during the perusal of her Master’s degree. The Author is also thankful to Dr. Sachin Kumar, Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parsitology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar-243122, Bareilly, U.P, India, for technical help and scientific suggestion during my research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India

    Ruchi Singh Gaur & Arun Kumar Sangwan

  2. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, 125004, India

    Nirmal Sangwan

  3. Entomology Laboratory, Division of Parasitology, ICAR- Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, UP, 243122, India

    Sachin Kumar

Authors
  1. Ruchi Singh Gaur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Arun Kumar Sangwan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nirmal Sangwan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Sachin Kumar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ruchi Singh Gaur.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gaur, R.S., Sangwan, A.K., Sangwan, N. et al. Acaricide resistance in Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus and Hyalomma anatolicum collected from Haryana and Rajasthan states of India. Exp Appl Acarol 69, 487–500 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-016-0046-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10493-016-0046-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation