Abstract
As the advance of social networks, the emergency of fake news has been the major threat for information security, privacy, and trustworthiness. The fake news can leverage multimedia contents to fabricate evidences or mislead readers, which damages a lot in machine learning and network systems. In this work, we explored the task of multimodal fake news detection. The major challenge of fake news detection stems from the modality fusion by abundant information. Overcoming the limitations of the current models, we tackle the challenge of learning corrections between modalities in news, and substantially proposed a mutual attention neural network (MANN) that can learn the relationship between each different modality. Our model consists of four components: multimodal feature extractor, mutual attention fusion, fake news detector and irrelevant event discriminator. The performance of our proposed architecture is evaluated on Weibo dataset, which indicates the MANN model outperforms the state-of-the-arts.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Antol S, Agrawal A, Lu J, Mitchell M, Batra D, Zitnick C L, Parikh D (2015) Vqa: Visual question answering. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (pp. 2425–2433)
Boididou C, Andreadou K, Papadopoulos S, Dang-Nguyen D T, Boato G, Riegler M, Kompatsiaris Y, et al. (2015) Verifying multimedia use at mediaeval 2015. MediaEval 3(3):7
Castillo C, Mendoza M, Poblete B (2011) Information credibility on twitter. In: Proceedings of the 20th international conference on World wide web, pp 675–684
Conroy N K, Rubin V L, Chen Y (2015) Automatic deception detection: methods for finding fake news. Proceedings of the association for information science and technology 52(1):1–4
Du X, Zhu R, Zhao F, Zhao F, Han P, Zhu Z (2020) A deceptive detection model based on topic, sentiment, and sentence structure information. Appl Intell 50(11):3868–3881
Feng S, Banerjee R, Choi Y (2012) Syntactic stylometry for deception detection. In: Proceedings of the 50th annual meeting of the association for computational linguistics (volume 2: short papers), pp 171–175
Gupta A, Lamba H, Kumaraguru P, Joshi A (2013) Faking sandy: characterizing and identifying fake images on twitter during hurricane sandy. In: Proceedings of the 22nd international conference on World Wide Web, pp 729–736
Gupta A, Kumaraguru P, Castillo C, Meier P (2014) Tweetcred: real-time credibility assessment of content on twitter. In: International conference on social informatics, Springer, pp 228–243
Gupta M, Zhao P, Han J (2012) Evaluating event credibility on twitter. In: Proceedings of the SIAM international conference on data mining. SIAM, pp 153–164
Hao M, Xu B, Liang JY, Zhang BW, Yin XC (2020) Chinese short text classification with mutual-attention convolutional neural networks. ACM Trans Asian Low Resour Lang Inf Process (TALLIP) 19(5):1–13
Jain P, Singh V (2016) Credrank: evaluating tweet credibility during high impact events. In: 2016 2nd international conference on contemporary computing and informatics (IC3I). IEEE, pp 553–557
Ji W, Guo J, Li Y (2020) Multi-head mutual-attention cyclegan for unpaired image-to-image translation. IET Image Process 14(11):2395–2402
Jiang N, Tian F, Li J, Yuan X, Zheng J (2020) Man: mutual attention neural networks model for aspect-level sentiment classification in siot. IEEE Internet Things J 7(4):2901–2913. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2963927
Jin Z, Cao J, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Tian Q (2016) Novel visual and statistical image features for microblogs news verification. IEEE Trans Multimed 19(3):598–608
Jin Z, Cao J, Guo H, Zhang Y, Luo J (2017, October) Multimodal fusion with recurrent neural networks for rumor detection on microblogs. In Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on Multimedia (pp. 795–816)
Jin Z, Cao J, Guo H, Zhang Y, Luo J (2017) Multimodal fusion with recurrent neural networks for rumor detection on microblogs. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM international conference on multimedia, association for computing machinery. New York, MM ’17, p 795–816, DOI https://doi.org/10.1145/3123266.3123454, (to appear in print)
Karpathy A, Fei-Fei L (2016) Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, pp 664–676
Khattar D, Goud JS, Gupta M, Varma V (2019) Mvae: multimodal variational autoencoder for fake news detection. In: The world wide web conference, pp 2915–2921
Kwon S, Cha M, Jung K, Chen W, Wang Y (2013) Prominent features of rumor propagation in online social media. In: 2013 IEEE 13th International conference on data mining. IEEE, pp 1103–1108
Liu N, Zhang N, Han J (2020) Learning selective self-mutual attention for rgb-d saliency detection, pp 13753–13762. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR42600.2020.01377
Liu Y, Wu YF (2018) Early detection of fake news on social media through propagation path classification with recurrent and convolutional networks. In: Proceedings of the AAAI conference on artificial intelligence, vol 32
Ma J, Gao W, Mitra P, Kwon S, Jansen B J, Wong KF, Cha M (2016) Detecting rumors from microblogs with recurrent neural networks
Ma J, Gao W, Wong KF (2018) Rumor detection on twitter with tree-structured recursive neural networks. Association for Computational Linguistics
Ma Q, Yu L, Tian S, Chen E, Ng WWY (2019) Global-local mutual attention model for text classification. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing 27(12):2127–2139. https://doi.org/10.1109/TASLP.2019.2942160
Mihalcea R, Strapparava C (2009) The lie detector: explorations in the automatic recognition of deceptive language. In: Proceedings of the ACL-IJCNLP 2009 conference short papers, pp 309–312
Popat K, Mukherjee S, Strötgen J, Weikum G (2016) Credibility assessment of textual claims on the web. In: Proceedings of the 25th ACM international on conference on information and knowledge management, pp 2173–2178
Raj C, Meel P (2021) Convnet frameworks for multi-modal fake news detection. Appl Intell, pp 1–17
Rashkin H, Choi E, Jang JY, Volkova S, Choi Y (2017) Truth of varying shades: analyzing language in fake news and political fact-checking. In: Proceedings of the 2017 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing, pp 2931–2937
Shu K, Sliva A, Wang S, Tang J, Liu H (2017) Fake news detection on social media: a data mining perspective. ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsl 19(1):22–36
Singhal S, Shah RR, Chakraborty T, Kumaraguru P, Satoh S (2019) Spotfake: a multi-modal framework for fake news detection. In: 2019 IEEE fifth international conference on multimedia big data (BigMM). IEEE, pp 39–47
Song C, Yang C, Chen H, Tu C, Liu Z, Sun M (2019) Ced: credible early detection of social media rumors. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering
Sun S, Liu H, He J, Du X (2013) Detecting event rumors on sina weibo automatically. In: Asia-Pacific web conference. Springer, pp 120–131
Tuan NMD, Minh PQN (2021) Multimodal fusion with bert and attention mechanism for fake news detection. In: 2021 RIVF international conference on computing and communication technologies (RIVF). IEEE, pp 1–6
Vinyals O, Toshev A, Bengio S, Erhan D (2015) Show and tell: a neural image caption generator
Wang Y, Ma F, Jin Z, Yuan Y, Jha K (2018) Eann: event adversarial neural networks for multi-modal fake news detection. In: Acm sigkdd international conference
Wu K, Yang S, Zhu KQ (2015) False rumors detection on sina weibo by propagation structures. In: 2015 IEEE 31st international conference on data engineering. IEEE, pp 651–662
Wu L, Liu H (2018) Tracing fake-news footprints: characterizing social media messages by how they propagate. In: Proceedings of the eleventh ACM international conference on web search and data mining, pp 637–645
You Q, Cao L, Jin H, Luo J (2016) Robust visual-textual sentiment analysis: when attention meets tree-structured recursive neural networks. In: the 2016 ACM
Yu F, Liu Q, Wu S, Wang L, Tan T et al (2017) A convolutional approach for misinformation identification
Yu F, Liu Q, Wu S, Wang L, Tan T (2019) Attention-based convolutional approach for misinformation identification from massive and noisy microblog posts. Comput Secur 83:106–121
Acknowledgements
This research work is funded by the Science Foundation of North China University of Technology, R&D Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission (KM202210009001) and Beijing Social Science Foundation (21XCCC013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of Interests
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Guo, Y. A mutual attention based multimodal fusion for fake news detection on social network. Appl Intell 53, 15311–15320 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04266-w
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-022-04266-w