Abstract
Due to the increasing atmospheric concentration of the greenhouse gas methane, more knowledge is needed on the management of methanotrophic communities. While most studies have focused on the characteristics of the methane-oxidizing bacteria (MOB), less is known about their interactions with the associated heterotrophs. Interpretative tools based on denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis allowed to evaluate the influence of copper—an important enzymatic regulator for MOB—on the activity and composition of the bacterial community. Over 30 days, enrichments with 0.1, 1.0 and 10 μM Cu2+ respectively, showed comparable methane oxidation activities. The different copper concentrations did not create major shifts in the methanotrophic communities, as a Methylomonas sp. was able to establish dominance at all different copper concentrations by switching between both known methane monooxygenases. The associated heterotrophic communities showed continuous shifts, but over time all cultures evolved to a comparable composition, independent of the copper concentration. This indicates that the MOB selected for certain heterotrophs, possibly fulfilling vital processes such as removal of toxic compounds. The presence of a large heterotrophic food web indirectly depending on methane as sole carbon and energy source was confirmed by a clone library wherein MOB only formed a minority of the identified species.
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Acknowledgments
The authors like to thank Tim Lacoere for his assistance during the analyses. This research was funded by a PhD grant for David van der Ha from the Institute for the Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology in Flanders (IWT-Vlaanderen, SB-83259) and research grants from the Geconcerteerde Onderzoeksactie (GOA) of Ghent University (BOF09/GOA/005) and from the Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO-Vlaanderen, 3G070010).
Conflict of interest
There is no conflict of interest amongst the authors. DVDH and IV contributed equally in the study. SV assisted with the molecular analyses while PDV and NB helped with the design of the study and the manuscript drafting.
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David van der Ha and Inka Vanwonterghem contributed equally to this study.
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van der Ha, D., Vanwonterghem, I., Hoefman, S. et al. Selection of associated heterotrophs by methane-oxidizing bacteria at different copper concentrations. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 103, 527–537 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-012-9835-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-012-9835-7