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A homozygous diploid subset of commercial wine yeast strains

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Abstract

Genetic analysis was performed on 45 commercial yeasts which are used in winemaking because of their superior fermentation properties. Genome sizes were estimated by propidium iodide fluorescence and flow cytometry. Forty strains had genome sizes consistent with their being diploid, while five had a range of aneuploid genome sizes that ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 times larger. The diploid strains are all Saccharomyces cerevisiae, based on genetic analysis of microsatellite and minisatellite markers and on DNA sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of nuclear ribosomal DNA of four strains. Four of the five aneuploid strains appeared to be interspecific hybrids between Saccharomyces kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with the fifth a hybrid between two S. cerevisiae strains. An identification fingerprint was constructed for the commercial yeast strains using 17 molecular markers. These included six published trinucleotide microsatellites, seven new dinucleotide microsatellites, and four published minisatellite markers. The markers provided unambiguous identification of the majority of strains; however, several had identical or similar patterns, and likely represent the same strain or mutants derived from it. The combined use of all 17 polymorphic loci allowed us to identify a set of eleven commercial wine yeast strains that appear to be genetically homozygous. These strains are presumed to have undergone inbreeding to maintain their homozygosity, a process referred to previously as ‘genome renewal’.

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Abbreviations

ITS:

internal transcribed spacer

PCR:

polymerase chain reaction

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Vlad Jiranek from the University of Adelaide, Andy Frost, Steve Voysey and Peter Bristow from Allied Domecq (NZ) Ltd, Bruce Kirk from Scios Ltd and Jane McCarthy from AWRI for supplying yeast strains. We thank Jenny Bellon from AWRI for supplying genomic DNA of S. kudriavzevii and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments on the manuscript. This research was funded by research contract UOAX0404 from the New Zealand Foundation for Research Science and Technology; John Bradbury’s MSc research was supported by a Technology in Industry Fellowship from the same organisation.

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  1. School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand

    John E. Bradbury, Keith D. Richards, Heather A. Niederer, Soon A. Lee, P. Rod Dunbar & Richard C. Gardner

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  1. John E. Bradbury
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  2. Keith D. Richards
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  3. Heather A. Niederer
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  4. Soon A. Lee
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  5. P. Rod Dunbar
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  6. Richard C. Gardner
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Correspondence to Richard C. Gardner.

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Bradbury, J.E., Richards, K.D., Niederer, H.A. et al. A homozygous diploid subset of commercial wine yeast strains. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 89, 27–37 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-005-9006-1

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