Abstract
Agroforestry is a sustainable land management system that should be more strongly promoted in Europe to ensure adequate ecosystem service provision in the old continent (Decision 529/2013) through the common agricultural policy (CAP). The promotion of the woody component in Europe can be appreciated in different sections of the CAP linked to Pillar I (direct payments and Greening) and Pillar II (rural development programs). However, agroforestry is not recognised as such in the CAP, with the exception of the Measure 8.2 of Pillar II. The lack of recognition of agroforestry practices within the different sections of the CAP reduces the impact of CAP activities by overlooking the optimum combinations that would maximise the productivity of land where agroforestry could be promoted, considering both the spatial and temporal scales.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
AFTA (Association for Temperate Agroforestry) (2016) What is Agroforestry? http://www.aftaweb.org/about/what-is-agroforestry.html. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
Agroforestry Focus Group (2017) Agroforestry: introducing woody vegetation into specialised crop and livestock systems. https://ec.europa.eu/eip/agriculture/en/content/agroforestry-introducing-woody-vegetation-specialised-crop-and-livestock-systems. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
Burgess PJ, Crous-Duran J, den Herder M, Dupraz C, Fagerholm N, Freese D, Garnett K, Graves AR, Hermansen JE, Liagre F, Mirck J, Moreno G, Mosquera-Losada MR, Palma JHN, Pantera A, Plieninger T, Upson M (2015). AGFORWARD Project periodic report: January to December 2014. Cranfield University: AGFORWARD. http://www.agforward.eu/index.php/en/news-reader/id-27-february-2015.html. Accessed 16 Mar 2018
DEFRA (1997) Hedgerow regulation. http://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1997/1160/regulation/6/made. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
den Herder M, Moreno G, Mosquera-Losada MR, Palma J, Sidiropouloue A, Santiago Freijanes JJ, Crous-Duran J, Paulo JA, Tomé M, Pantera A, Papanastasis VP, Mantzanas K, Pachana P, Papadopoulos A, Plieninger T, Burgess PJ (2017) Current extent and stratification of agroforestry in the European Union. Agric Ecosyst Environ 241:121–132
EU (2011) Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the council, the European economic and social committee and the committee of the regions. A budget for Europe 2020. http://poalgarve21.ccdralg.pt/site/sites/poalgarve21.ccdralg.pt/files/20142020/4_ficheiro_d_budget_for_europe_2020.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
EU (2013a) Regulation (EU) No. 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing rules for direct payments to farmers under support schemes within the framework of the common agricultural policy and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No. 637/2008 and Council Regulation (EC) No. 73/2009. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:347:0608:0670:en:PDF. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
EU (2013b) Regulation (EU) No 1305/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 December 2013 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD) and repealing Council Regulation (EC) No 1698/2005. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:347:0487:0548:en:PDF. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
EU (2013c) Decision No 529/2013/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on accounting rules on greenhouse gas emissions and removals resulting from activities relating to land use, land-use change and forestry and on information concerning actions relating to those activities. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32013D0529. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
EU (2014a) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 640/2014 of 11 March 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 1306/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council with regard to the integrated administration and control system and conditions for refusal or withdrawal of payments and administrative penalties applicable to direct payments, rural development support and cross compliance. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg_del/2014/640/oj. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
EU (2014b) Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) No 639/2014 of 11 March 2014 supplementing Regulation (EU) No 1307/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing rules for direct payments to farmers under support schemes within the framework of the common agricultural policy and amending Annex X to that Regulation. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN-ES/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32014R0639&fromTab=ALL&from=en. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
EU (2015) Guidance document on the land parcel identification system LPIS under articles 5, 9 and 10 of Commission Delegated Regulation EU number EU NO 640/2014. https://marswiki.jrc.ec.europa.eu/wikicap/images/4/4b/DSCG-2014-31_EFA-layer_FINAL-2015.doc.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
European Council (2017) OMNIBUS Regulation draft. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/policies/cap-simplification/omnibus-regulation-agriculture/. Accessed 11 Aug 2017
FAO (2015) FAO projects. http://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/90030/en/ and http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3182e.pdf. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
FAO (2017) Agroforestry definition. http://www.fao.org/forestry/agroforestry/80338/en/. Accessed 15 Dec 2017
García de Jalón S, Graves A, Moreno G, Palma JHN, Crous-Durán J, Kay S, Burgess PJ (2018) Forage-SAFE: a model for assessing the impact of tree cover on wood pasture profitability. Ecol Model 372:24–32
Mosquera-Losada MR, McAdam J, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A (2006) Silvopastoralism and sustainable land management. Cab International, Oxfordshire
Mosquera-Losada MR, Santiago-Freijanes JJ, Pisanelli A, Lamersdorf N, Burgess P, Fernández-Lorenzo JL, González-Hernández P, Ferreiro-Domínguez N, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A (2016a) Agroforestry in the CAP: eligibility. 3rd European Agroforestry Conference, Montpellier, 23-25 May 2016. http://www.agroforestry.eu/conferences/III_EURAFConference. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
Mosquera-Losada MR, Santiago-Freijanes JJ, Lawson G, Balaguer F, Vaets N, Burgess P, Rigueiro Rodríguez A (2016b) Agroforestry as a tool to mitigate and adapt to climate under LULUCF accounting. 3rd European Agroforestry Conference, Montpellier, 23–25 May 2016. http://www.agroforestry.eu/conferences/III_EURAFConference. Accessed 27 Mar 2017
Mosquera-Losada MR, Santiago Freijanes JJ, Pisanelli A, Rois M, Smith J, den Herder M, Moreno G, Malignier N, Mirazo JR, Lamersdorf N, Ferreiro Domínguez N, Balaguer F, Pantera A, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Gonzalez-Hernández P, Fernández-Lorenzo JL, Romero-Franco R, Chalmin A, Garcia de Jalon S, Garnett K, Graves A, Burgess PJ (2016c) Extent and success of current policy measures to promote agroforestry across Europe. Deliverable 8.23 for EU FP7 Research Project: AGFORWARD 613520. https://www.agforward.eu/index.php/en/extent-and-success-of-current-policy-measures-to-promote-agroforestry-across-europe.html. Accessed 24 Jan 2018
Mosquera-Losada MR, Santiago Freijanes JJ, Pisanelli A, Rois M, Smith J, den Herder M, Moreno G, Lamersdorf N, Ferreiro Domínguez N, Balaguer F, Pantera A, Papanastasis V, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Aldrey JA, Gonzalez-Hernández P, Fernández-Lorenzo JL, Romero-Franco R, Lampkin N, Burgess PJ (2017) How can policy support the uptake of agroforestry in Europe? Deliverable 8.24 for EU FP& Research Project: AGFORWARD. http://www.agforward.eu/index.php/es/how-can-policy-support-the-uptake-of-agroforestry-in-europe.html. Accessed 24 Jan 2018
Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, McAdam J, Mosquera-Losada MR (2009) Agroforestry in Europe. Advances in agroforestry. Kluwer, The Netherlands
Santiago-Freijanes JJ, Rigueiro-Rodríguez A, Aldrey JA, Moreno G, den Herder M, Burgess PJ, Mosquera-Losada MR (2018) Understanding agroforestry practices in Europe through landscape features policy promotion. Agrofor Syst. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0212-z
Sciences Vie (2015) Rendements ceréalliers. L´idée de cultivar le blé à l´ombre est dejá à létude. Science and vie 76–77
USDA (2017) Agroforestry definition. https://www.usda.gov/topics/forestry/agroforestry. Accessed 27 Aug 2017
Acknowledgements
This work was funded through the AGFORWARD (www.agforward.eu) Project from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme for Research, Technological Development, and Demonstration under Grant Agreement No. 613520 and the Xunta de Galicia, Consellería de Cultura, Educación, e Ordenación Universitaria (“Programa de axudas á etapa posdoutoral DOG no. 122, 29/06/2016 p. 27443, exp: ED481B 2016/071-0”). The views and opinions expressed in this article are purely those of the writers and may not in any circumstances be regarded as stating an official position of the European Commission.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mosquera-Losada, M.R., Santiago-Freijanes, J.J., Pisanelli, A. et al. Agroforestry in the European common agricultural policy. Agroforest Syst 92, 1117–1127 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0251-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-018-0251-5