Abstract
Trichostrongylids nematodes are capilliform worms that parasitize the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants that frequently cause serious injuries such as severe gastroenteritis and acute anemia. Sheep breeds are highly susceptible to these parasites, including adult animals as well. In sheep herds, this parasitic disease is traditionally controlled through the use of antihelminthics; however, some possible auxiliary methods of control have been suggested, and among them is the adoption of the integration livestock–forest system. The aim of the present study was to evaluate comparatively the recovery of trichostrongylid nematode larvae (L3) from sheep in a integration livestock–forest system and in grass monoculture, also analyzing the climatic influence in the four seasons of the year. The study was carried out from December 2013 to September 2014 in the experimental field of Embrapa Agrosilvopastoral located in the municipality of Sinop/MT, Brazil. In each season of the year, each treatment received thirty samples of feces weighing 20 g and containing approximately 60,000 eggs of trichostrongylid nematodes. At the end of 14 days, the remaining feces from the soil surface, as well as soil below the deposition area, and the adjacent forage near the feces were collected and taken to the laboratory where the number of infective larvae per kilogram of dry matter (L3/kg DM) in each collected material was determined. The recovery of L3 larvae was possible in all seasons and in all samples collected. There was a significant interaction between treatments and seasons of the year (p < 0.05). The silvopastoral system showed greater counts of L3/kg DM in the forage during the spring, summer, and winter collections. The feces collected in the winter were the material with highest counts of L3/kg DM in the study, with 30,199 in silvopastoral area, and 22,020 in grass monoculture, which differed significantly (p < 0.05). The soil also showed the same response, with 6112.74 L3/kg DM in silvopastoral system and 4847.56 L3/kg DM in grass monoculture, which were also significantly different (p < 0.05).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Almeida LR, Castro AA, Silva FJM, Fonseca AH (2005) Desenvolvimento, sobrevivência e distribuição de larvas infectantes de nematoides gastrintestinais de ruminantes, na estação seca da Baixada Fluminense. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 14:89–94
Amarante AFT, Padovani CR, Barbosa MA (1996) Contaminação da pastagem por larvas infectantes de nematódeos gastrintestinais parasitas de bovinos e ovinos em Botucatu- SP. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 5:65–73
Auad AM, Carvalho CA (2011) Análise faunística de coleópteros em sistema silvipastoril. Ciência Florestal 21:31–39
Balbino LC, Cordeiro LAM, Silva VP, Moraes A, Martinez GB, Alvarenga RC, Kischel AN, Fontaneli RS, Santos HP, Franchini JC, Galerani PR (2011) Evolução técnológicae arranjos produtivos de sistemas de integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta no Brasil. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 46:1–12
Boom CG, Sheath GW (2008) Migration of gastrointestinal nematode larvae from cattle faecal pats onto grazable herbage. Vet Parasitol 157:260–266
Dijk JV, Morgan ER (2011) The influence of water on the migration of infective trichostrongyloid larvae onto Grass. J Parasitol 138:780–788
Fernandes LH, Seno MCZ, Amarante AFT, Souza H, Belluzzo CEC (2004) Efeito do pastejo rotacionado e alternado com bovinos adultos no controle da verminose em ovelhas. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 56:733–740
Garcia R, Andrade CMS (2001) Sistemas silvipastoris na Região Sudeste. SISTEMAS AGROFLORESTAIS PECUÁRIOS: Opções de sustentabilidade para áreas tropicais e subtropicais. Embrapa Gado de Leite, Anais, pp 173–187
Khadijah S, Kahn LP, Walkden-Brown SW, Bailey JN, Bowers SF (2013) Soil moisture influences the development of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus colubriformis to third stage larvae. Vet Parasitol 196:161–171
Krecek RC, Murrell KD, Douglass LW (1990) Effects of microclimatic variables on the availability and movement of third-stage larvae of Ostertagia ostertagi on herbage. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 57:133–135
Lima WS, Fakuri E, Guimarães MP, Malacco MA (1997) Dinâmica das helmintoses de bovinos de leite na região metalúrgica de Minas Gerais. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 6:97–103
Monteiro SG, Oliveira AR, Silva CLG, Fortes FS, Santos HT, Araújo JV, Luque JL, O´Dwyer LH, Sangioni LA, Molento MB, Rodriges MLA, Carneiro ME, Menezes RCAA, Bittencourt VREP (2011) Parasitologia na Medicina Veterinária. Roca, São Paulo
Ndamukong KJ, Ngone MM (1996) Development and survival of Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus sp. on pasture in Cameroon. Trop Anim Health Prod 28:193–198
Niezen JH, Charleston WAG, Hodgson J, Miller CM, Aghorn TS, Robertson HA (1998) Effect of plants species on the larvae of gastrointestinal nematodes which parasitise sheep. Int J Parasitol 28:791–803
Niven P, Anderson N, Vizard AL (2002) Trichostrongylid infections in sheep after rainfall during summer in southern Australia. Aust Vet J 80:567–570
Rocha RA, Bricarello PA, Rocha GP, Amarante AFT (2007) Recuperação de larvas de Trichostrongylus colubriformis em diferentes estratos de Brachiaria decumbens e Panicum maximum. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 16:77–82
Rocha RA, Rocha GP, Bricarello PA, Amarante AFT (2008) Recuperação de larvas infectantes de Trichostrongylus colubriformis em três espécies de gramíneas contaminadas no verão. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 17:227–234
Silva BF (2007) Migração vertical das larvas infectantes de Haemonchus contortus em capim Braquiária (Brachiaria decumbens). Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Estadual Paulista
Silva MRL, Amarante MRV, Bresciani KDS, Amarante AFT (2014) Host-spcificity and morphometrics of female Haemonchus contortus, H. placei and H. similis (Nematoda: Trichostrongylidae) in cattle and sheep from shared pastures in São Paulo State, Brazil. J Helmintol 4:1–5
Silva DJ, Queiroz AC (2002) Análise de alimentos: métodos químicos e biológicos. Editora UFV, Viçosa
Sissay MM, Uggla A, Waller PJ (2007) Epidemiology and seasonal dynamics of gastrointestinal nematode infections of sheep in a semi-arid region of eastern Ethiopia. Vet Parasitol 143:311–321
Skinner WD, Todd KS Jr (1980) Lateral migration of Haemonchus contortus larvae on pasture. Am J Vet Res 41:395–398
Soca M, Simón L, Sánchez S, Gómez E (2002) Dinámica parasitológica em bostas de bovinos bajo condiciones silvopastoriles. Agroforesteria em lãs Américas 9:33–34
Starke WA, Zocoller MC, Machado RZ, Montenegro EL (1992) Helmintíases em búfalo II- Sobrevivência de larvas de nematódeos parasitos de búfalos jovens nas fezes depositadas em pastagens no município de Selvíria, MS., nos períodos secos e chuvosos. Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia Veterinária 1:7–15
Stromberg BE (1997) Enviromental factors influencing transmission. Vet Parasitol 72:247–264
Taylor MA, Coop RL, Wall RL (2010) Parasitologia Veterinária. Guanabara Koogan, Rio de Janeiro
Torres SEFA (2008) Recuperação de larvas infectantes (L3), em sistemas de pastejo de ovinos isolado, combinado e alternado com bovinos, no período das águas. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de Brasília
Torres SEFA, Mcmanus C, Amarante AFT, Verdolin V, Louvandini H (2009) Nematódeos de ruminantes em pastagem com diferentes sistemas de pastejo com ovinos e bovinos. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira 44:1191–1197
Ueno H, Gonçalves PC (1998) Manual para diagnostico de helmintoses em ruminantes. Japan International Cooperation Agency, Tokyo
Yeates GW, Skipp RA, Gray RAJ, Chen LY, Waghorn TS (2007) Impact on soil fauna of sheep faeces containing a range of parasite control agents. Appl Soil Ecol 35:180–389
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Faria, E.F., Lopes, L.B., dos Reis Krambeck, D. et al. Effect of the integrated livestock–forest system on recovery of trichostrongylid nematode infective larvae from sheep. Agroforest Syst 90, 305–311 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9855-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9855-1