Abstract
Dendrometric parameters such as tree DBH, height, crown diameter and size characteristics of leaves and fruit production collected from Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. growing in three land use types in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve (PBR) were analyzed. A total of 36 circular plots of 15 m diameter were randomly set in the three main land use sites of the PBR. Thus, Shea butter production was estimated from 90 trees (30 trees in each site) selected randomly. Our results revealed a significant difference in trees traits which increase from the park and hunting zone to the farmlands. The highest production of the selected Shea trees was reported from the farmland. Thus, there is high variability between leaf sizes of trees within the sites while for the fruits the greatest variability is between fruits from same tree. The findings of this study showed that the morphological traits and the production of Shea butter trees could be affected by land use systems.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akpona TJD (2012) Perceptions locales, caractérisation morphologique et de production du karité (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn) dans et autour de la Réserve de Biosphère de la Pendjari au Bénin. Dissertation, University of Liege
Boffa JM (1999) Agroforestry parklands in sub-Saharan Africa. FAO, Rome
Dah-Dovonon J, Gnanglè CP (2006) Evaluation des potentialités de développement de la filière karité dans les départements de l’Atacora et de la Donga. CERF, San Diego
DGFRN (2010) Quatrième rapport national du Benin sur la Convention des Nations Unies sur la Diversité Biologique, UNDP
Diarrassouba N, Bup ND, Kapseu C, Kouame C et al (2007) Phenotypic diversity of shea (Vitellaria Paradoxa C. F. Gaertn.) populations across four agro-ecological zones of Cameroon. J Crop Sci Biotech 10:211–218
Djekota C, Diouf D, Sane S et al (2014) Morphological characterization of shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa subsp. paradoxa) populations in the region of Mandoul in Chad. Int J Biodivers Conserv 6:184–193
Djossa B, Fahr J, Wiegand T, Ayihouenou BE et al (2008) Land use impact on Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaerten. Stand structure and distribution patterns: a comparison of Biosphere Reserve of Pendjari in Atacora district in Benin. Agr Syst 72:205–220
Dudgeon WR (1922) The agricultural and forest products of West Africa. Murray, London
Fandohan B, Assogbadjo EA, Glèlè Kakaï R et al (2012) Effectiveness of protected areas network in the conservation of Tamarindus indica (Laguminosea-Caesalpinioideae) in Benin. Afr J Ecol 49:40–50
Floquet A, Mongbo R (2006) Situation socio-économique des ménages dans les communes et villages d’intervention du Programme de Conservation et de Gestion des Ressources Naturelles (ProCGRN) dans l’Atacora et la Donga. Coopération Technique Allemande (GTZ), BENIN
Glèlè Kakaï R, Akpona TJD, Assogbadjo AE et al (2011) Ecological adaptation of the shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) along gradient in Benin, West Africa. Afr J Ecol 16:440–449
Gouwakinnou GN, Lykke AM, Assogbadjo AE, Sinsin B (2011) Local knowledge, pattern and diversity of use of Sclerocarya birrea. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 7:8
Hall JB, Aebiccher DP, Thomlinson HF et al (1996) Vitellaria paradoxa: a monograph. School of Agricultural Sciences Publication Number 8. University of Wales, Bangor
INSAE (2012) Quatrième Recensement Général de la Population et de l’Habitation, Benin
Issahaku H, Ramatu A, Sarpong DB (2011) An analysis of allocative efficiency of shea butter processing methods in the northern region of Ghana. J Dev Agri Econ 3:165–173
Jessen RJ (1955) Determining the fruit count on a tree by randomized branch sampling. Biometrics 11:99–109
Johnson NL, Kotz S (1970) Distributions in Statistics: Continuous Univariate Distributions. Wiley, New York
Jonsson K, Ong CK, Odongos JCW (1999) Influence of scattered Néré and Karité on microclimate, soil fertility and millet yield in Burkina Faso. Exp Agric 35:39–53
Kassa BD, Fandohan B, Azihou AF et al (2013) Survey of Loxodonta africana (Elephantidae)-caused bark injury on Adansonia digitata (Malavaceae) within Pendjari Biosphere Reserve, Benin. Afr J Ecol 52:385–394
Laris P, Wardell AD (2006) Good, bad or ‘necessary evil’? Reinterpreting the colonial burning experiments in the savanna landscapes of WestAfrica. Geogr J 172:271–290
Lovett PN, Haq N (2000) Diversity of the Sheanut tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) in Ghana. Gene Res Crop Evol 47:293–304
Maiga A (1987) L’arbre dans les systèmes agroforestiers traditionnels dans la province du Bazèga. Influence du karité, du néré et de Acacia albida sur le sorgho et le mil. Rapport de stage. IRBET/CNRST, Ouagadougou, pp 1–86
Nyarko G, Mahunu GK, Chimsah FA et al (2012) Leaf and fruit characteristics of Shea (Vitellaria paradoxa) in Northern Ghana. Res Plant Biol 2:38–45
Ouedraogo SJ (1995) Les parcs agroforestiers au Burkina Faso. Etat des connaissances et perspectives pour leur amélioration. AFRENA, Nairobi
R Development Core Team (2013) A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna. Available at [http://www.R-project.org]. Accessed December 22
Rondeux J (1999) La Mesure des Peuplements Forestiers. Presses agronomiques de Gembloux. Gembloux, Brussels
Sanou H, Picard N, Lovett PN et al (2006) Phenotypic variation of agromorphological traits of the shea tree, Vitellaria paradoxa C.F.Gaertn., in Mali. Genet Res Crop Evol 53:145–161
Sinsin B, Tehou AC, Daouda I et al (2002) Abundance and species richness of larger mammals in Pendjari National Park in Benin. Mammalia 66:369–380
Sokpon N and Yabi JA (2006) Gestion des systèmes de production, de commercialisation et de transformation du karité au Bénin. Dissertation, Université de Parakou
Sokpon N, Biaou H, Hounhyet O et al (2001) Inventaire et caractérisation des formations végétales du complexe national de la Pendjari, zone cynégétique de la Pendjari et de l’Atacora: région de Konkombri. UNB, Benin
Traoré KB (2003) Le parc à karité: sa contribution à la durabilité de l’agrosystème. Cas d’une toposéquence à Konobougou (Mali-Sud). Thèse de doctorat: Sciences du sol, CIRAD, Montpellier, pp 1–216
World Agroforestry Centre (2008) Transforming lives and landscapes. Strategy 2008–2015. Nairobi
Acknowledgments
We are very grateful to Rufford Small Grant Foundation for the financial support during this work through Grant 9821-1. We also want to thank the manager team of the PBR for creating a good working environment and local population for their prompt collaboration. Finally we would like to thank IUFRO that allow us to present this work at the 2014 World Congress in USA.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Akpona, T.J.D., Akpona, H.A., Djossa, B.A. et al. Impact of land use practices on traits and production of shea butter tree (Vitellaria paradoxa C.F. Gaertn.) in Pendjari Biosphere Reserve in Benin. Agroforest Syst 90, 607–615 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9847-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-015-9847-1