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Evidence for important genetic differentiation between provenances of Parkia biglobosa from the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa

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Abstract

Parkia biglobosa is a traditional economic tree legume of considerable multipurpose importance in the sudano-sahelian region in Africa. The species grows in multiple climatic zones with precipitation ranging from 600 to 2,500 mm a year and its natural distribution extends from Senegal and Guinea in West Africa to Uganda in Central Africa. In the present paper, a range wide sample of 25 provenances of P. biglobosa was tested in Burkina Faso, West Africa at two sites; Gonse (latitude 12°25′N; longitude 1°20′W; altitude 280 m) in the north-sudanian zone and at Dinderesso (latitude 11°18′N; longitude 4°35′W; altitude 425 m) in the south-sudanian zone. Based on analysis of survival and growth traits, we provide evidence of substantial genetic differentiation between P. biglobosa populations within West Africa. Height growth was best at Gonse, while the survival rate was higher at Dinderesso (61%) compared to Gonse (35%). Links between geographical parameters and the provenances performance were significant, and interesting geographic patterns were observed. Our results point towards superior fitness of the local Burkina Faso populations, and we speculate that presence of a continuum of locally adapted populations can be a part of the explanation for the species’ ability to thrive under quite different climatic conditions across West Africa. Based on the findings, we suggest recommendations for seed deployment and conservation strategies of the species in the West African Sahel. This is particularly important when considering the on-going climate change.

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Acknowledgments

This paper is the result of a joint effort of a large number of persons and organizations in seed collection and distribution, establishment and maintenance of trials, field assessment and data handling, analysis and report preparation. We are therefore very grateful to all the persons and institutions who contributed, in particular professor Zewge Teklehaimanot for his valuable assistance as a project coordinator during the establishment of the trials, FAO and national authorities of the countries of origin of the Parkia biglobosa seeds for their assistance and collaboration in organizing and conducting the seed collection operations in the field. We thank the European Commission for the financial supports provided to the project Germplasm Conservation of Parkia biglobosa EU-INCO research contract TS3*-CT92–0072, 1993–97 and to the present research made possible through the Sahelian Fruit Trees (SAFRUIT) INCO-DEV project no. 015465. We wish to thank Dipama Denis, Tou Mamadou and Sawadogo Roger, for their technical assistance.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre National de Semences Forestières, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

    Moussa Ouedraogo & Albert Nikiema

  2. Forest & Landscape, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958, Frederiksberg, Denmark

    Moussa Ouedraogo, Anders Ræbild & Erik D. Kjær

  3. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153, Rome, Italy

    Albert Nikiema

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  1. Moussa Ouedraogo
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  2. Anders Ræbild
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  3. Albert Nikiema
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  4. Erik D. Kjær
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Correspondence to Moussa Ouedraogo.

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Ouedraogo, M., Ræbild, A., Nikiema, A. et al. Evidence for important genetic differentiation between provenances of Parkia biglobosa from the Sudano-Sahelian zone of West Africa. Agroforest Syst 85, 489–503 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-011-9463-7

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