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Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review

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Abstract

Anthropogenic climate change has significant consequences for the sustainability and productivity of agroforestry ecosystems upon which millions of smallholders in the tropics depend and that provide valuable global services. We here consider the current state of knowledge of the impacts of climate change on tree genetic resources and implications for action in a smallholder setting. Required measures to respond to change include: (1) the facilitated translocation of environmentally-matched germplasm across appropriate geographic scales, (2) the elevation of effective population sizes of tree stands through the promotion of pollinators and other farm management interventions; and (3) the use of a wider range of ‘plastic’ species and populations for planting. Key bottlenecks to response that are discussed here include limitations in the international exchange of tree seed and seedlings, and the absence of well-functioning delivery systems to provide smallholders with better-adapted planting material. Greater research on population-level environmental responses in indigenous tree species is important, and more studies of animal pollinators in farm landscapes are required. The development of well-functioning markets for new products that farmers can grow in order to mitigate and adapt to anthropogenic climate change must also consider genetic resource issues, as we describe.

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Acknowledgements

We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of colleagues who participated in discussions on this topic at ICRAF’s Science Forum in Nairobi in September 2009. Ideas were also developed through participation at a meeting on the international exchange of tree germplasm that was held at Bioversity International in Rome in March 2009, which was supported by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In addition, the authors benefited greatly from discussions with a number of other individuals during the development of this manuscript, including Margaret Hanson, Jarkko Koskela, Roger Leakey, Lucy Mwaura, Alexious Nzisa, Anders Ræbild, Paulo van Breugel and Maarten van Zonneveld. Two anonymous reviewers suggested useful revisions to the paper.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The World Agroforestry Centre, Headquarters, P.O. Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya

    Ian K. Dawson, Henry Neufeldt, Roeland Kindt & Ramni Jamnadass

  2. Bioversity International, Via dei Tre Denari, 472a, Maccarese, 00057, Rome, Italy

    Barbara Vinceti

  3. The World Agroforestry Centre, West and Central Africa/Sahel Regional Office, BPE 5118, Bamako, Mali

    John C. Weber & Antoine Kalinganire

  4. SCRI, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK

    Joanne Russell

  5. The Tree Domestication Team, Agro-business Park 76, 6708 PW, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Ard G. Lengkeek

  6. Forest and Landscape Denmark, The University of Copenhagen, 2970, Horsholm, Denmark

    Jens-Peter B. Lillesø

  7. Winrock International, Morrilton, AR, USA

    Jim Roshetko

  8. The World Agroforestry Centre, Southeast Asia Regional Office, P.O. Box 161, Bogor, Indonesia

    Jim Roshetko

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  1. Ian K. Dawson
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  2. Barbara Vinceti
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Correspondence to Ian K. Dawson.

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Dawson, I.K., Vinceti, B., Weber, J.C. et al. Climate change and tree genetic resource management: maintaining and enhancing the productivity and value of smallholder tropical agroforestry landscapes. A review. Agroforest Syst 81, 67–78 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10457-010-9302-2

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