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Adsorption rate of Reactive Black 5 on chitosan based materials: geometry and swelling effects

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Abstract

The overall adsorption rate of Reactive Black 5 dye (RB5) on chitosan based materials was elucidated using diffusional models. Fundamental aspects, such as, geometry of the adsorbents and swelling effects were considered. Chitosan based materials (powder and film) were prepared from shrimp wastes and characterized regarding to the fundamental features for adsorption. Experimental decay curves were obtained under different conditions of stirring rate and initial dye concentration. The data were modeled according to the external mass transfer and diffusional models. The kL (external mass transfer coefficient), Dep (effective pore diffusion coefficient) and Ds (surface diffusion coefficient) values were estimated. For both adsorbents, it was found that the surface diffusion was the intraparticle diffusion mechanism governing the adsorption rate of RB5, since its contribution was higher than 92 % regardless the position and time. The Ds values ranged from 2.85 × 10−11 to 5.78 × 10−11 for chitosan powder and from 4.15 × 10−11 to 12.12 × 10−11 cm2 s−1 for chitosan films. The RB5 adsorption was faster when chitosan powder was used, mainly at higher stirring rates and initial dye concentrations. The swelling effect was most pronounced for the chitosan films, where, provided an increase of about 65 times in the Ds value.

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Abbreviations

ARE:

Average relative error (%)

CA :

Dye concentration in bulk solution (mg L−1)

CAr :

Dye concentration within the adsorbent varying with position and t (mg L−1)

CA0 :

Initial dye concentration in bulk solution (mg L−1)

CAe :

Dye concentration in bulk solution at equilibrium (mg L−1)

CA,exp :

Experimental value of CA (mg L−1)

CA,pred :

Predicted value of CA (mg L−1)

DAB :

Molecular diffusion coefficient (cm2 s−1)

Dep :

Effective pore volume diffusion coefficient (cm2 s−1)

Ds :

Surface diffusion coefficient (cm2 s−1)

kL :

External mass transfer coefficient (cm2 s−1)

KL :

Langmuir constant (L mg−1)

m:

Mass of adsorbent (g)

MB :

Molecular weight of water (g mol−1)

NAP :

Mass flux due pore volume diffusion (mg L−1 cm s−1)

NAS :

Mass flux due surface diffusion (mg L−1 cm s−1)

qt :

Mass of dye adsorbed per gram of adsorbent (mg g−1)

q:

Mass of dye adsorbed varying with position and t (mg g−1)

qe :

Mass of dye adsorbed at equilibrium (mg g−1)

qm :

Maximum adsorption capacity from Langmuir model (mg g−1)

r:

Radial coordinate varying from 0 to R, RP (cm)

R2 :

Coefficient of determination, dimensionless

S:

External surface area per mass of adsorbent (cm2 g−1)

t:

Time (min or s)

V:

Volume of solution (L or m3)

VA :

Molar volume of solute at its normal boiling temperature (cm3 mol−1)

x:

Cartesian coordinate, cm

α:

r2 (spherical coordinates) or 1 (Cartesian coordinates)

εp :

Void fraction, dimensionless

ηB :

Viscosity of water (cp)

ρp :

Apparent density of the adsorbent (g L−1)

ρs :

Solid density of the adsorbent (g L−1)

ξ:

r (spherical coordinates) or x (Cartesian coordinates)

ϕ:

Association parameter of water, dimensionless

ϕA :

CA/CA0, dimensionless

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank CAPES (Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel), CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development) and CEME-SUL (Federal University of Rio Grande Brazil). Dr. Raúl Ocampo Perez, acknowledges the support of the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, CONACyT, Mexico, through CB-2013-01 221757.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Processes Laboratory, Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Maria – UFSM, 1000 Roraima Avenue, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil

    G. L. Dotto

  2. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Centro de Investigación y Estudios de Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. M. Nava, 6, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, Mexico

    R. Ocampo-Pérez

  3. Industrial Technology Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG, 475 Engenheiro Alfredo Huch street, Rio Grande, RS, 96203-900, Brazil

    J. M. Moura, T. R. S. Cadaval Jr. & L. A. A. Pinto

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  1. G. L. Dotto
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Dotto, G.L., Ocampo-Pérez, R., Moura, J.M. et al. Adsorption rate of Reactive Black 5 on chitosan based materials: geometry and swelling effects. Adsorption 22, 973–983 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10450-016-9804-y

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