Abstract
We investigate a reaction-diffusion-advection system describing the interaction between a population and a toxicant in open advective environments. The interesting feature of this model is the consideration of a more general advective term and boundary condition. By applying the theory of monotone semi-flow and principal eigenvalue, we obtain the existence and stability of steady states and further present a clear picture on the local and global dynamics. We explore the effects of toxicants on populations and give some sufficient conditions for the existence or extinction of the population.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
Not applicable.
References
Camargo, J.A., Alonso, Á.: Ecological and toxicological effects of inorganic nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems: a global assessment. Environ. Int. 32, 831–849 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2006.05.002
Cantrell, R.S., Cosner, C.: Spatial Ecology via Reaction-Diffusion Equations. Series in Mathematical and Computational Biology. Wiley, Chichester (2003)
Chen, X.F., Hambrock, R., Lou, Y.: Evolution of conditional dispersal: a reaction-diffusion-advection model. J. Math. Biol. 57, 361–386 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-008-0166-2
Erickson, R.A., Cox, S.B., Oates, J.L., et al.: A daphnia population model that considers pesticide exposure and demography stochasticity. Ecol. Model. 275, 37–47 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.12.015
Freedman, H.I., Shukla, J.B.: Models for the effect of toxicant in single-species and predator-prey systems. J. Math. Biol. 30, 15–30 (1991). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168004
Gan, W.Z., Shao, Y., Wang, J.B., et al.: Global dynamics of a general competitive reaction-diffusion-advection system in one dimensional environments. Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 66, 103523 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2022.103523
Hallam, T.G., Clark, C.E., Jordan, G.S.: Effects of toxicants on populations: a qualitative approach II. First order kinetics. J. Math. Biol. 18, 25–37 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00275908
Henry, D.: Geometric Theory of Semilinear Parabolic Equations. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol. 840. Springer, Berlin (1981). https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0089647
Hirsch, M.W.: The dynamical systems approach to differential equations. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 11, 1–64 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1090/S0273-0979-1984-15236-4
Huang, Q.H., Wang, H., Lewis, M.A.: The impact of environmental toxins on predator-prey dynamics. J. Theor. Biol. 378, 12–30 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtbi.2015.04.019
Krein, M.G., Rutman, M.A.: Linear operators leaving invariant a cone in a Banach space. Usp. Mat. Nauk 3, 3–95 (1948)
Li, K.Y., Xu, F.F.: Global dynamics of a population model from river ecology. J. Appl. Anal. Comput. 10, 1698–1707 (2020). https://doi.org/10.11948/20200081
Lou, Y., Lutscher, F.: Evolution of dispersal in open advective environments. J. Math. Biol. 69, 1319–1342 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00285-013-0730-2
Lou, Y., Zhao, X.Q., Zhou, P.: Global dynamics of a Lotka–Volterra competition–diffusion–advection system in heterogeneous environments. J. Math. Pures Appl. 121, 47–82 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpur.2018.06.010
Lou, Y., Zhou, P.: Evolution of dispersal in advective homogeneous environment: the effect of boundary conditions. J. Differ. Equ. 259, 141–171 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2015.02.004
Müller, K.: Investigations on the organic drift in North Swedish streams. Rep. Inst. Freshwat. Res. Drottningholm. 35, 133–148 (1954)
Protter, M.H., Weinberger, H.F.: Maximum Principles in Differential Equations. Springer, New York (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5282-5
Spromberg, J.A., Birge, W.J.: Modeling the effects of chronic toxicity on fish populations: the influence of life-history sprategies. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 24, 1532–1540 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1897/04-160.1
Xu, F.F., Gan, W.Z.: On a Lotka–Volterra type competition model from river ecology. Nonlinear Anal., Real World Appl. 47, 373–384 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nonrwa.2018.11.011
Xu, F.F., Gan, W.Z., Tang, D.: Global dynamics of a Lotka–Volterra competitive system from river ecology: general boundary conditions. Nonlinearity 33, 1528–1541 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6544/ab60d8
Yan, X., Nie, H., Zhou, P.: On a competition-diffusion-advection system from river ecology: mathematical analysis and numerical study. SIAM J. Appl. Dyn. Syst. 21, 438–469 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1137/20M1387924
Zhou, P.: On a Lotka-Volterra competition system: diffusion vs advection. Calc. Var. 55, 137 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00526-016-1082-8
Zhou, P., Huang, Q.H.: A spatiotemporal model for the effects of toxicants on populations in a polluted river. SIAM J. Appl. Math. 82, 95–118 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1137/21M1405629
Zhou, P., Tang, D., Xiao, D.: On Lotka-Volterra competitive parabolic systems: exclusion, coexistence and bistability. J. Differ. Equ. 282, 596–625 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2021.02.031
Zhou, P., Xiao, D.M.: Global dynamics of a classical Lotka–Volterra competition-diffusion-advection system. J. Funct. Anal. 275, 356–380 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2018.03.006
Zhou, P., Zhao, X.Q.: Evolution of passive movement in advective environments: general boundary condition. J. Differ. Equ. 264, 4176–4198 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jde.2017.12.005
Zhao, X.Q.: Dynamical Systems in Population Biology, 2nd edn. Springer, New York (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56433-3
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, grant number 12171418.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
Y. Yu, Z. Ling and Y. Zhou wrote the main manuscript text. All authors reviewed and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethical Approval
Not applicable.
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, Y., Ling, Z. & Zhou, Y. Dynamical Behavior of a Spatiotemporal Model in Open Advective Environments. Acta Appl Math 187, 1 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-023-00593-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10440-023-00593-3