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Characterizing Musculoskeletal Tissue Mechanics Based on Shear Wave Propagation: A Systematic Review of Current Methods and Reported Measurements

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Abstract

Developing methods for the non-invasive characterization of the mechanics of musculoskeletal tissues is an ongoing research focus in biomechanics. Often, these methods use the speed of shear wave propagation to characterize tissue mechanics (e.g., shear wave elastography and shear wave tensiometry). The primary purpose of this systematic review was to identify, compare, and contrast current methods for exciting and measuring shear wave propagation in musculoskeletal tissues. We conducted searches in the Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus databases for studies published from January 1, 1900, to May 1, 2020. These searches targeted both shear wave excitation using acoustic pushes and mechanical taps, and shear wave speed measurement using ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, accelerometers, and laser Doppler vibrometers. Two reviewers independently screened and reviewed the articles, identifying 524 articles that met our search criteria. Regarding shear wave excitation, we found that acoustic pushes are useful for exciting shear waves through the thickness of the tissue of interest, and mechanical taps are useful for exciting shear waves in wearable applications. Regarding shear wave speed measurement, we found that ultrasound is used most broadly to measure shear waves due to its ability to study regional differences and target specific tissues of interest. The strengths of magnetic resonance imaging, accelerometers, and laser Doppler vibrometers make them advantageous to measure shear wave speeds for high-resolution shear wave imaging, wearable measurements, and non-contact ex vivo measurements, respectively. The advantages that each method offers for exciting and measuring shear waves indicate that a variety of systems can be assembled using currently available technologies to determine musculoskeletal tissue material behavior across a range of innovative applications.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Rhonda Sager and Jack Martin for their advice during the planning of this review.

This work was supported by the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) of the National Institutes of Health under award number [NIBIB: R21 EB024957] and the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) of the National Institutes of Health under award number [NIAMS: F32 AR076267]. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship Program under Grant No. DGE-1747503. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

Conflict of interest

One of the authors (JDR) is a co-inventor on a pending patent application related to one of the methods described herein. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.

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  1. Jonathon Blank, Matthew Blomquist, and Lesley Arant are designated as co-first authors.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Jonathon Blank, Stephanie Cone & Joshua Roth

  2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Matthew Blomquist & Lesley Arant

  3. Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Ave WIMR 5037, Madison, WI, 53705, USA

    Joshua Roth

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Blank, J., Blomquist, M., Arant, L. et al. Characterizing Musculoskeletal Tissue Mechanics Based on Shear Wave Propagation: A Systematic Review of Current Methods and Reported Measurements. Ann Biomed Eng 50, 751–768 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-022-02935-y

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