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Measuring Human Hemolysis Clinically and in Extreme Environments Using Endogenous Carbon Monoxide Elimination

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Abstract

The measure of hemolysis in humans is clinically important. Here we describe methods using a gas chromatograph equipped with a reduction gas detector to detect the human analyte carbon monoxide (CO) that were developed for the extreme environment of the International Space Station. These methods can be adapted to in-hospital use for clinical care with characteristics that may surpass existing measures of hemolysis. We demonstrate improved performance over previous-generation methods in terms of reproducibility, accuracy, control for physical and intervening factors to quantitatively assess hemolysis rates at unprecedented levels. The presented measure of hemolysis using CO elimination is based on a different physiological approach that can complement and augment existing detection tools. In addition to their suitability for extreme environments, the methods present distinctive advantages over existing markers for the diagnosis, monitoring and response to treatment of hemolytic anemia. These methods have the potential to fulfill a wide range of research and clinical applications.

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Abbreviations

CO:

Carbon monoxide

RBC:

Red blood cell

Hb:

Hemoglobin

EC:

Electrochemical

MSD:

Mass spectroscopic detection

GC:

Gas chromatography

RGD:

Reduction gas detection

ppb:

Parts per billion

ISS:

International Space Station

SS:

Stainless steel

Micro-QT valve:

Micro-QT™ Valve to Luer-Lok w/Silonite™, Entech Instruments

BTPS:

Body temperature pressure saturated

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Acknowledgments

We thank Doug Worthy and Michele Rauh from the Canadian Green House Gases program, Kate Culliton, Theresa Backlund, Odette Laneuville for experimentation with the methods described. This work was supported in part by Canadian Space Agency through Contracts and Grant Numbers 9F053-100597, 9F008-140254 and 15EXPBEDST.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interests.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bone and Joint Research Laboratory, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 5M2, Canada

    Nibras Shahin, Hakim Louati & Guy Trudel

  2. Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Department of Medicine, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Guy Trudel

  3. Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    Guy Trudel

Authors
  1. Nibras Shahin
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  2. Hakim Louati
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Correspondence to Guy Trudel.

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Associate Editor Emmanuel Opara oversaw the review of this article.

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Shahin, N., Louati, H. & Trudel, G. Measuring Human Hemolysis Clinically and in Extreme Environments Using Endogenous Carbon Monoxide Elimination. Ann Biomed Eng 48, 1540–1550 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02473-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02473-5

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