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Three-dimensional Quantification of Femoral Head Shape in Controls and Patients with Cam-type Femoroacetabular Impingement

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Abstract

An objective measurement technique to quantify 3D femoral head shape was developed and applied to normal subjects and patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). 3D reconstructions were made from high-resolution CT images of 15 cam and 15 control femurs. Femoral heads were fit to ideal geometries consisting of rotational conchoids and spheres. Geometric similarity between native femoral heads and ideal shapes was quantified. The maximum distance native femoral heads protruded above ideal shapes and the protrusion area were measured. Conchoids provided a significantly better fit to native femoral head geometry than spheres for both groups. Cam-type FAI femurs had significantly greater maximum deviations (4.99 ± 0.39 mm and 4.08 ± 0.37 mm) than controls (2.41 ± 0.31 mm and 1.75 ± 0.30 mm) when fit to spheres or conchoids, respectively. The area of native femoral heads protruding above ideal shapes was significantly larger in controls when a lower threshold of 0.1 mm (for spheres) and 0.01 mm (for conchoids) was used to define a protrusion. The 3D measurement technique described herein could supplement measurements of radiographs in the diagnosis of cam-type FAI. Deviations up to 2.5 mm from ideal shapes can be expected in normal femurs while deviations of 4–5 mm are characteristic of cam-type FAI.

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Acknowledgments

Funding for the recruitment and CT scanning of cam-type FAI patients was received through NIH grant #R01AR053344. Procurement and CT scanning of the control femurs was done with funds from a U.S. Department of the Army Award #W81XWH-06-1-0574.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, 590 Wakara Way, RM A100, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA

    Michael D. Harris, Christopher L. Peters, Jeffrey A. Weiss & Andrew E. Anderson

  2. Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Michael D. Harris, Shawn P. Reese, Jeffrey A. Weiss & Andrew E. Anderson

  3. Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA

    Jeffrey A. Weiss & Andrew E. Anderson

  4. Department of Physical Therapy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA

    Andrew E. Anderson

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  1. Michael D. Harris
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Correspondence to Andrew E. Anderson.

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Associate Editor Michael R. Torry oversaw the review of this article.

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Harris, M.D., Reese, S.P., Peters, C.L. et al. Three-dimensional Quantification of Femoral Head Shape in Controls and Patients with Cam-type Femoroacetabular Impingement. Ann Biomed Eng 41, 1162–1171 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0762-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0762-1

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