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Effects of Differences in Nasal Anatomy on Airflow Distribution: A Comparison of Four Individuals at Rest

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Abstract

Differences in nasal anatomy among human subjects may cause significant differences in respiratory airflow patterns and subsequent dosimetry of inhaled gases and particles in the respiratory tract. This study used computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to study inter-individual differences in nasal airflow among four healthy individuals. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were digitized and nasal-surface-area-to-volume ratios (SAVR) were calculated for 15 adults. Two males and two females, representative of the range of SAVR values, were selected for flow analysis. Nasal CFD models were constructed for each subject by a semi-automated process that provided input to a commercial mesh generator to generate structured hexahedral meshes (Gambit, Fluent, Inc., Lebanon, NH, USA). Steady-state inspiratory laminar airflow at 15 L/min was calculated using commercial CFD software (FIDAP, Fluent, Inc., Lebanon, NH, USA). Streamline patterns, velocities, and helicity values were compared. In all subjects, the majority of flow passed through the middle and ventral regions of the nasal passages; however, the amount and location of swirling flow differed among individuals. Cross-sectional flow allocation analysis also indicated inter-individual differences. Laboratory water–dye experiments confirmed streamlines and velocity magnitudes predicted by the computational model. These results suggest that significant inter-individual differences exist in bulk airflow patterns in the nose.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank Ray Guilmette for his contributions, help and support, and Earl Tewksbury and Brian Wong for pressure drop data. The authors also acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Darin Kalisak and Regina Richardson. Funding for this project was provided by the American Chemistry Council.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1001 West Main St., PO Box 842014, Richmond, VA, 23284-2014, USA

    Rebecca A. Segal

  2. Center for Research in Scientific Computation, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA

    Grace M. Kepler

  3. The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA

    Julia S. Kimbell

Authors
  1. Rebecca A. Segal
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  2. Grace M. Kepler
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  3. Julia S. Kimbell
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Correspondence to Rebecca A. Segal.

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Segal, R.A., Kepler, G.M. & Kimbell, J.S. Effects of Differences in Nasal Anatomy on Airflow Distribution: A Comparison of Four Individuals at Rest. Ann Biomed Eng 36, 1870–1882 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-008-9556-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-008-9556-2

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