References
Chimhundu, H. (1992). Early missionaries and the ethnolinguistic factor during the ‘invention of tribalism’ in Zimbabwe. The Journal of African History, 33(1), 87–109.
Chimhundu, H., & Mangoya, E. (2001). Duramazwi guru reChiShona. Harare: College Press in conjunction with the African Languages Research Institute, University of Zimbabwe.
Chirikure, S. (2018). Early metallurgy and surplus without states in Africa south of the Sahara. Tagunden des landesmuseums fur Vorgeschite Halle, 18, 1–14.
Chirikure, S. (2019). New perspectives on the political economy of Great Zimbabwe. Journal of Archaeological Research, (in press).
Chirikure, S., Bandama, F., House, M., Moffett, A., Mukwende, T., & Pollard, M. (2016). Decisive evidence for multidirectional evolution of sociopolitical complexity in southern Africa. African Archaeological Review, 33(1), 75–95.
Chirikure, S., Nyamushosho, R. T., Chimhundu, H., Dandara, C., Pamburai, H. H., & Manyanga, M. (2017). Concept and knowledge revision in the post-colony: Mukwerera, the practice of asking for rain amongst the Shona of southern Africa. In M. Manyanga & S. Chirikure (Eds.), Archives, Objects, Places and Landscapes: Multidisciplinary Approaches to Decolonised Zimbabwean Pasts (pp. 14–55). Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG.
Daneel, M. L. (1970). The God of the Matopo Hills: An essay on the Mwari cult in Rhodesia. The Hague: Mouton & Co.
De Luna, K. M. (2016). Collecting food, cultivating people: Subsistence and society in Central Africa. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Fabian, J. (1983). Time and the other: How anthropology makes its object. New York: Columbia University Press.
Garlake, P. S. (1982). Prehistory and ideology in Zimbabwe. Africa, 52(3), 1–19.
Gelfand, M. (1959). Shona ritual: With special reference to the Chaminuka cult. Cape Town: Juta.
Guyer, J. I. (2007). Africa has never been “traditional”: So can we make a general case? A response to the articles. African Studies Review, 50(2), 183–202.
Hannaford, M. J., Bigg, G. R., Jones, J. M., Phimister, I., & Staub, M. (2014). Climate variability and societal dynamics in pre-colonial southern African history (AD 900-1840): A synthesis and critique. Environmental History, 20(3), 411–445.
Huffman, T. N. (2000). Mapungubwe and the origins of the Zimbabwe culture. South African Archaeological Society Goodwin Series, 14–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/3858043.
Lane, P. (2011). Possibilities for a postcolonial archaeology in sub-Saharan Africa: Indigenous and usable pasts. World Archaeology, 43(1), 7–25.
Makoni, S. B. (2011). Sociolinguistics, colonial and postcolonial: An integrationist perspective. Language Sciences, 33(4), 680–688.
Manyanga, M. (2007). Resilient landscapes: Socio-environmetal dynamics in the Shashe-Limpopo Basin, southern Zimbabwe c. AD 800 to the present. Uppsala: Societas Archaeologica Uppsaliensis.
Manyanga, M., & Chirikure, S. (2017). Archives, objects, places and landscapes: the multidisciplinary and decolonising imperative. In M. Manyanga & S. Chirikure (Eds.), Archives, Objects, Places and Landscapes: Multidisciplinary approaches to Decolonised Zimbabwean pasts (pp. 1–11). Bamenda: Langaa RPCIG.
McIntosh, S. K. (Ed.). (1999). Beyond chiefdoms: Pathways to complexity in Africa. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mudenge, S. I. G. (1988). A political history of Munhumutapa c 1400–1902. Harare: James Currey.
Ndoro, W., Chirikure, S., & Deacon, J. (Eds.). (2017). Managing heritage in Africa: Who cares? London: Routledge.
Phillipson, D. W. (2005). African archaeology (Third ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Prins, G. (1980). The hidden hippopotamus: Reappraisal in African history: The early colonial experience in western Zambia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Pwiti, G. (1996). Continuity and change: an archaeological study of farming communities in northern Zimbabwe AD 500–1700. Uppsala: Societa Archaeologica Uppsaliensis.
Pwiti, G., Nhamo, A., Katsamudanga, S., & Segobye, A. (2007). Makasva: Archaeological heritage, rainmaking and healing in Southern Africa with special reference to Eastern Zimbabwe. Zimbabwea, 9, 103–111.
Robertshaw, P. (2018). Rivals no more: Jan Vansina, precolonial African historiography, and archaeology. History in Africa, 45, 145–160.
Schmidt, P. R., & Pikirayi, I. (Eds.). (2016). Community archaeology and heritage in Africa: Decolonizing practice. London: Routledge.
Schoenbrun, D. L. (2018). Crafting early African histories with Jan Vansina. History in Africa, 45, 99–112.
Scott, J. C. (2010). The art of not being governed: An anarchist history of upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sharer, R. J. (1992). The Preclassic origin of lowland Maya states. In E. Danien & R. J. Sharer (Eds.), New theories on the ancient Maya (Vol. 3, pp. 131–136). Philadelphia: University Museum, University of Pennsylvania.
Smith, J.M. (2006). Climate change and agropastoral sustainability in the Shashe/Limpopo River Basin from AD 900, PhD dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand.
Stahl, A. B. (2014). Africa in the world: (Re) centering African history through archaeology. Journal of Anthropological Research, 70(1), 5–33.
Vansina, J. (1990). Paths in the rainforests: Toward a history of political tradition in equatorial Africa. Madison: University of Wisconsin Pres.
Wolf, E. R. (1982). Europe and the people without history. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chirikure, S. Gathering and Hunting Farmers; Farming Gatherers and Hunters: So, What?. Afr Archaeol Rev 36, 161–167 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-019-09327-z
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-019-09327-z