REFERENCES
Crist DW, Sitzmann JV, Cameron JL. Improved hospital morbidity, mortality, and survival after the Whipple procedure. Ann Surg 1987; 206: 358–65.
Kirsh MM, Rotman H, Bove E, et al. Major pulmonary resection for bronchogenic carcinoma in the elderly. Ann Thorac Surg 1976; 22: 369–73.
Foster JH. Survival after liver resection for secondary tumors. Am J Surg 1978; 135: 389–94.
Muss HB. Chemotherapy of Gynecologic Cancer. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1990.
Pollock RE, Roth JA. Cancer-induced immunosuppression: implications for therapy? Semin Surg Oncol 1989; 5: 414–19.
Kavanaugh DY, Carbone DP. Immunologic dysfunction in cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1996; 10: 927–51.
Rougier P, Bugat R, Douillard JY, et al. Phase II study of irinotecan in the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer in chemotherapy-naive patients and patients pretreated with fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 1997; 15: 251–60.
Sugarbaker PH, Schellinx ME, Chang D, Koslowe P, von Meyerfeldt M. Peritoneal carcinomatosis from adenocarcinoma of the colon. World J Surg 1996;20:585–91; discussion 592.
Gomez Portilla A, Deraco M, Sugarbaker PH. Clinical pathway for peritoneal carcinomatosis from colon and rectal cancer: guidelines for current practice. Tumori 1997; 83: 725–8.
Eisenkop SM, Friedman RL, Wang HJ. Complete cytoreductive surgery is feasible and maximizes survival in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer: a prospective study. Gynecol Oncol 1998; 69: 103–8.
Chamberlain RS, Canes D, Brown KT, et al. Hepatic neuroendocrine metastases: does intervention alter outcomes? J Am Coll Surg 2000; 190: 432–45.
Miller CA, Ellison EC. Therapeutic alternatives in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 1998; 7: 863–79.
Bilchik AJ, Sarantou T, Foshag LJ, Giuliano AE, Ramming KP. Cryosurgical palliation of metastatic neuroendocrine tumors resistant to conventional therapy. Surgery 1997;122:1040–7; discussion 1047–8.
Siperstein AE, Rogers SJ, Hansen PD, Gitomirsky A. Laparoscopic thermal ablation of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastases. Surgery 1997;122:1147- 54; discussion 1154–5.
Livraghi T, Lazzaroni S, Meloni F, Torzilli G, Vettori C. Intralesional ethanol in the treatment of unresectable liver cancer. World J Surg 1995; 19: 801–6.
Ajani JA, Carrasco CH, Charnsangavej C, Samaan NA, Levin B, Wallace S. Islet cell tumors metastatic to the liver: effective palliation by sequential hepatic artery embolization. Ann Intern Med 1988; 108: 340–4.
Carrasco CH, Charnsangavej C, Ajani J, Samaan NA, Richli W, Wallace S. The carcinoid syndrome: palliation by hepatic artery embolization. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1986; 147: 149–54.
Curtin JP, Shapiro F. Adjuvant therapy in gynecologic malignancies. Ovarian, cervical, and endometrial cancer. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 1997; 6: 813–30.
Schwartz PE, Rutherford TJ, Chambers JT, Kohorn EI, Thiel RP. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer: long-term survival. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 72: 93–9.
Richie JP. Surgical aspects in the treatment of patients with testicular cancer. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 1991; 5: 1127–42.
Christmas TJ, Mannion EM, Bower M. The current role of surgery in the management of residual disease. Curr Opin Urol 1999; 9: 439–42.
Tafra L, Dale PS, Wanek LA, Ramming KP, Morton DL. Resection and adjuvant immunotherapy for melanoma metastatic to the lung and thorax. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1995;110:119–28; discussion 129.
Wong JH, Skinner KA, Kim KA, Foshag LJ, Morton DL. The role of surgery in the treatment of nonregionally recurrent melanoma. Surgery 1993; 113: 389–94.
Chen H, Hardacre JM, Uzar A, Cameron JL, Choti MA. Isolated liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: does resection prolong survival? J Am Coll Surg 1998;187:88–92; discussion 92–3.
Dousset B, Saint-Marc O, Pitre J, Soubrane O, Houssin D, Chapuis Y. Metastatic endocrine tumors: medical treatment, surgical resection, or liver transplantation. World J Surg 1996;20:908–14; discussion 914–5.
Livraghi T, Giorgio A, Marin G, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis in 746 patients: long-term results of percutaneous ethanol injection. Radiology 1995; 197: 101–8.
Fong Y, Kemeny N, Paty P, Blumgart LH, Cohen AM. Treatment of colorectal cancer: hepatic metastasis. Semin Surg Oncol 1996; 12: 219–52.
Cady B, McDermott WV. Major hepatic resection for metachronous metastases from colon cancer. Ann Surg 1985; 210: 204–209.
Kavolius J, Fong Y, Blumgart LH. Surgical resection of metastatic liver tumors. Surg Oncol Clin North Am 1996; 5: 337–352.
Ebara M, Ohto M, Shinagawa T, et al. Natural history of minute hepatocellular carcinoma smaller than three centimeters complicating cirrhosis. A study in 22 patients. Gastroenterology 1986; 90: 289–98.
Bristow RE, Montz FJ, Lagasse LD, Leuchter RS, Karlan BY. Survival impact of surgical cytoreduction in stage IV epithelial ovarian cancer. Gynecol Oncol 1999; 72: 278–87.
Curtin JP, Malik R, Venkatraman ES, Barakat RR, Hoskins WJ. Stage IV ovarian cancer: impact of surgical debulking [see comments]. Gynecol Oncol 1997; 64: 9–12.
Liu PC, Benjamin I, Morgan MA, King SA, Mikuta JJ, Rubin SC. Effect of surgical debulking on survival in stage IV ovarian cancer [see comments]. Gynecol Oncol 1997; 64: 4–8.
Janicke F, Holscher M, Kuhn W, et al. Radical surgical procedure improves survival time in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer. Cancer 1992; 70: 2129–36.
Bertelsen K. Tumor reduction surgery and long-term survival in advanced ovarian cancer: a DACOVA study. Gynecol Oncol 1990; 38: 203–9.
McEntee GP, Nagorney DM, Kvols LK, Moertel CG, Grant CS. Cytoreductive hepatic surgery for neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery 1990; 108: 1091–6.
Que FG, Nagorney DM, Batts KP, Linz LJ, Kvols LK. Hepatic resection for metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. Am J Surg 1995;169:36–42; discussion 42–3.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
McCarter, M.D., Fong, Y. Role for Surgical Cytoreduction in Multimodality Treatments for Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 8, 38–43 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10434-001-0038-0
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10434-001-0038-0