Abstract
Phylogenetic and geographic proximities between humans and apes pose a risk of zoonotic transmission of pathogens. Bonobos (Pan paniscus) of the Bolobo Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo, live in a fragmented forest-savanna mosaic setting, a marginal habitat for this species used to living in dense forests. Human activities in the forest have increased the risk of contacts between humans and bonobos. Over 21 months (September 2010–October 2013), we monitored intestinal parasites in bonobo (n = 273) and in human (n = 79) fecal samples to acquire data on bonobo parasitology and to assess the risk of intestinal helminth transmission between these hosts. Coproscopy, DNA amplification, and sequencing of stored dried feces and larvae were performed to identify helminths. Little difference was observed in intestinal parasites of bonobos in this dryer habitat compared to those living in dense forests. Although Strongylids, Enterobius sp., and Capillaria sp. were found in both humans and bonobos, the species were different between the hosts according to egg size or molecular data. Thus, no evidence of helminth transmission between humans and bonobos was found. However, because humans and this threatened species share the same habitat, it is essential to continue to monitor this risk.
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Acknowledgments
We thank the Ministère de l’Environnement, Conservation de la Nature et Tourism for research permission, the Mbou-Mon-Tour NGO and traditional chiefs for authorization to conduct this work. Acknowledgements for fundings are due to the Action Transversale du Muséum “Relations Sociétés-Nature dans le long terme” and the UMR7206. This study would not have been possible without the field assistants Blanchard Bongwana, Osa Otsiu Epany, Mozungo Ngofuna and Debaba Munziu. We also thank all members of Mbou-Mon-Tour for their implication/contribution in the bonobo conservation. Special thanks to Adélaïde Nieguitshila, Emilie Lefoulon and Laure Ségurel for their advice on the genetic data, to Radia Guechi for his help with coproscopy analyses. Finally we thank the two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments to improve the manuscript.
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Narat, V., Guillot, J., Pennec, F. et al. Intestinal Helminths of Wild Bonobos in Forest-Savanna Mosaic: Risk Assessment of Cross-Species Transmission with Local People in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. EcoHealth 12, 621–633 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1058-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10393-015-1058-8