Abstract
Aim
This study examines the geographical variation in prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and its correlates in India.
Subjects and methods
The study has used data from recent NSSO (71st Round, 2014) survey. Simple bivariate analyses are used to calculate the prevalence rate of NCDs per thousand persons. Binary logistics regression is applied to examine the effects of demographic and socioeconomic variables on the prevalence of NCDs.
Results
The overall prevalence of NCDs, reported by the respondent, is 55/1,000 people in India, and it varies across all geographical regions. The southern region shows highest prevalence of NCDs (107/1,000) and the north east region is the lowest prevalence of NCDs (11/1,000). The prevalence of NCDs varies with the socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, where the prevalence of NCDs is much higher among people above 60+ years (i.e. 419/1,000 for the southern region and also for other regions) than corresponding categories. The prevalence of NCDs is high among urban residency, female, ever married women, other ethnicities, other religions, and affluent groups excluding level of education. Similarly, the logistic regression result shows that age, sex, place of residence, ethnicity, religion, and income status of respondent have statistically significant impact on NCDs and is more susceptible to having NCDs across the geographical regions of the country.
Conclusion
The study highlights the need to develop proper surveillance and monitoring programmes to focus on highly affected geographical regions to arrest the growing burden of NCDs.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaudhary N (2017) Climatic variations and stroke: Indian perspective. J Mahatma Gandhi Inst Med Sci 22:2–3
Cureau FV, Duarte P, dos Santos DL, Reichert FF, Felipe A (2014) Clustering of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Brazilian Adolescents: prevalence and correlates. J Phys Act Health 11(5):942–949. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2012-0247
Gribble JN, Preston SH (1993) The epidemiological transition: policy and planning implications for developing countries. Workshop Proceedings National Academic Press (US), Washington, DC. https://doi.org/10.17226/2225
Gupta R, Gupta KD (2009) Coronary heart disease in low socioeconomic status subjects in India: an evolving epidemic. Indian Heart J 61(4):358–367
Gupta R, Guptha S, Sharma KK, Gupta A, Deedwania P (2012) Regional variations in cardiovascular risk factors in India: India heart watch. World J Cardiol 4(4):112–120
Mariotti S, Capocaccia R, Farchi G, Menotti A, Verdecchia A, Keys A (1986) Age, period, cohort and geographical area effects on the relationship between risk factors and coronary heart disease mortality: 15-year follow-up of the European cohorts of the seven countries study. J Chronic Dis 39(3):229–242
Meshram II, Rao MVV, Rao VS, Laxmaiah A, Polasa K (2016) Regional variation in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes and their correlates among the adult rural population in India. Br J Nutr 115(7):1265–1272. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114516000039
Miranda JJ, Bernabe-Ortiz A, Smeeth L, Gilman RH, Checkley W, CRONICAS Cohort Study Group (2012) Addressing geographical variation in the progression of non-communicable diseases in Peru: the CRONICAS cohort study protocol. BMJ Open 2(1):e000610. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000610
Muggah E, Graves E, Bennett C, Manuel DG (2013) Ascertainment of chronic diseases using population health data: a comparison of health administrative data and patient self-report. BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-16
Patra S, Bhise MD (2016) Gender differentials in prevalence of self-reported non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India: evidence from recent NSSO survey. J Public Health 24(5):375–385. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-016-0732-9
Peltzer K, Phaswana-Mafuya N (2013) Depression and associated factors in older adults in South Africa. Glob Health Action 6:18871. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v6i0.18871
Pool I, Wong LR, Vilquin E (2006) (eds) Age–structural transitions: challenges for development. A seminar paper series published by Committee for International Cooperation in National Research in Demography (CICRED), Paris, pp 1–385
Population Matters and Policy Brief (2000) Policy and health in Asia: demographic and epidemiologic transitions. A RAND program of policy-relevant research communication. Population Matters, London
Schargrodsky H, Hernández-hernández R, Champagne M, Silva H, Vinueza R, Silva C et al (2008) CARMELA: assessment of cardiovascular risk in seven Latin American cities. Am J Med 121:58–65
Sugathan TN, Soman CR, Sankaranarayanan K (2008) Behavioural risk factors for non communicable diseases among adults in Kerala, India. Ind J Med Res 127(6):555–563
Upadhyay RP (2012) An overview of the burden of non-communicable diseases in India. Iranian J Publ Health 41(3):1–8
Van Minh H, Ng N, Juvekar S, Razzaque A, Ashraf A, Hadi A, Byass P (2008) Self-reported prevalence of chronic diseases and their relation to selected sociodemographic variables: a study in INDEPTH Asian sites, 2005. Prev Chronic Dis 5(3): A86
Walker M, Whincup PH, Shaper AG (2004) The British Regional Heart Study 1975–2004. Int J Epidemiol 33(6):1185–1192. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyh295
Wandera SO, Kwagala B, Ntozi J (2015) Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported noncommunicable diseases among older Ugandans: A cross-sectional study. Glob Health Action 8(1). https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v8.27923
World Health Organization (2010) Global status report on non-communicable diseases. WHO, Geneva
Yadav S, Arokiasamy P (2014) Understanding epidemiological transition in India. Glob Health Action 7:23248. https://doi.org/10.3402/gha.v7.23248
Funding
This research study is not funded by any funding agency in the public, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
The data used for the study considered all the ethical issues while collecting information and it is available online in the public domain. This research paper was not published previously and not submitted elsewhere.
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Bhise, M.D., Patra, S. & Chaudhary, M. Geographical variation in prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and its correlates in India: evidence from recent NSSO survey. J Public Health (Berl.) 26, 559–567 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0889-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0889-x