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Nahrungsmittelallergien im Kindesalter

Food allergy in childhood

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Zusammenfassung

Nahrungsmittelallergien können zu lebensbedrohlichen Symptomen führen und vermindern die Lebensqualität betroffener Kinder und Jugendlicher. Die Prävalenz der Nahrungsmittelallergie ist zunehmend und unterliegt einer starken regionalen Variabilität. Obwohl eine Großzahl unterschiedlicher Nahrungsmittel verzehrt wird sind nur wenige Nahrungsmittel für eine allergische Reaktion verantwortlich (Milch, Hühnerei, Getreide, Soya, Fisch, Krebsttiere, Nüsse und Erdnüsse). Immunologische Mechanismen einer Nahrungsmittelallergie umfassen IgE-vermittelte (häufig) und nicht-IgE-vermittelte (schwerer zu diagnostizieren) Reaktionen. Die Behandlung basiert auf einer strikten Allergenkarenz. Medikamentöse Notmaßnahmen helfen die Symptomatik zu kontrollieren/limittieren, aber eine kurative Therapie steht zurzeit nicht zur Verfügung.

Summary

Food allergies can result in life-threatening reactions and diminish quality of life. The prevalence of food allergies has increased in several regions throughout the world. A few food allergens cover the majority of food-related reactions (milk, egg, wheat, soy, fish, crustacean, nuts and peanut). Immunological mechanisms range between IgE-mediated (most common) and non-IgE-mediated, the latter of which remaining often a clue in the diagnosis. Treatment of food allergy involves strict avoidance of the trigger food. Medications help to manage symptoms of disease, but currently, there is no cure for food allergy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Univ.-Prof. für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde, Medizinische Universität Wien, Währinger Gürtel 18–20, 1090, Wien, Österreich

    Z. Szépfalusi

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  1. Z. Szépfalusi
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Correspondence to Z. Szépfalusi.

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Szépfalusi, Z. Nahrungsmittelallergien im Kindesalter. Wien Med Wochenschr 162, 525–532 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-012-0157-1

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