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A case of maternal PKU syndrome despite intensive patient counseling

Maternales Phenylketonurie-Syndrom trotz intensiver Patientenberatung

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Zusammenfassung

Eine 21-jährige Patientin mit klassischer Phenylketonurie stellte sich in der 14. Schwangerschaftswoche in der Ambulanz vor. Sie hatte trotz ausführlicher präkonzeptioneller Aufklärungen über die Gefahr hoher Phenylalanin (Phe)-Spiegel für das Ungeborene keine Diät eingehalten und daher entsprechend erhöhte Phe-Konzentrationen im Blut. Obwohl der Phe-Spiegel während eines stationären Aufenthaltes gesenkt werden konnte, gelang es der Schwangeren aufgrund von Incompliance nicht, die Zielwerte für Phe zu erhalten. Die Patientin brachte ein Neugeborenes mit klassischem maternalen PKU-Syndrom (Mikrozephalie, Brachygnathie, kongenitaler Herzfehler und psychomotorischer Retardierung) zur Welt. Unter Phe-armer Ernährung kommt dieses Syndrom heutzutage nur noch selten vor. Der Fallbericht untermauert die Notwendigkeit, junge Mädchen mit PKU bereits vor der Pubertät über das Risiko des maternalen PKU-Syndroms aufzuklären, da immer mehr ansonsten gesunde Frauen mit PKU das gebärfähige Alter erreichen. Eine entscheidende Rolle zur Prävention der Phe-Embryopathie spielt die Ernährung und somit die Patientencompliance, welche in dem Fallbericht leider unzureichend war.

Summary

We report on a 21-year-old woman with classic phenylketonuria, who presented at our outpatient clinic at week 14 of pregnancy. Despite intensive preconceptional counselling about the risk of raised Phenylalanine (Phe) levels for the offspring and nutritional consultations about the necessity to be on a Phe-restricted diet she had elevated blood Phe concentrations. Phe level could be lowered to the recommended range during a stay as an inpatient, but the patient was not able to maintain the recommended levels due to non-compliance. The patient delivered a newborn with classic maternal PKU syndrome (microcephaly, brachygnathia, congenital heart defect and psychomotoric retardation), which is nowadays rarely seen under preconceptional Phe-restricted diet. With more PKU patients reaching the childbearing age, intensive preconception counselling about maternal PKU syndrome is of pivotal importance for the women. However, a major factor in preventing Phe embryopathy is patient compliance in keeping the diet, which was insufficient in the case presented.

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Abbreviations

PKU:

phenylketonuria

Phe:

phenylalanine

CHD:

congenital heart defect

DORV:

double outlet right ventricle

IUGR:

intrauterine growth restriction

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Correspondence to Susette Unger.

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Unger, S., Weigel, J., Stepan, H. et al. A case of maternal PKU syndrome despite intensive patient counseling. Wien Med Wochenschr 159, 507–510 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0695-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-009-0695-3

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