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Stammzellforschung – Status, Ausblick und bioethischer Aspekt

Stem cells – cloning, plasticity, bioethic

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Summary

Stem cells with certain characteristics have become promising tools for molecular medicine. They have the potential to self-regenerate and to differentiate into specific tissues. Besides their great potential, embryonic stem cells (ESC) run the risk of enhanced tumorigenesis. The use of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) is ethically problematic because their isolation involves the destruction of human embryos. Recently developed methods generate are able to pluripotent stem cells from fibroblasts. Alternatives for ESC are adult stem cells (ASC) derived from bone marrow, cord blood, amniotic fluid and other tissues. The following article is on the basis of testimony of Lukas Kenner for the German Bundestag about the use of ESC for research, therapy and drug development. Ethical aspects are taken into consideration.

Zusammenfassung

Stammzellen verfügen über einige Eigenschaften, die sie als Hoffnungsträger für die molekulare Medizin ausweisen. Sie haben die Fähigkeit der Selbstregeneration und der Differenzierung in spezialisierte Gewebe. Embryonale Stammzellen (ESZ) haben eine große Potentialität, bergen aber auch ein hohes Tumorrisiko. Die Verwendung von humanen embryonalen Stammzellen (hESZ) ist ethisch problematisch, da ihre Gewinnung die Zerstörung menschlicher Embryonen voraussetzt. Neuere Arbeiten bieten die Möglichkeit einer ethisch unbedenklichen Herstellung von ESZ aus Fibroblasten. Alternativen zu ESZ sind adulte Stammzellen (AS), wie z. B. Stammzellen aus Knochenmark, Fruchtwasser oder Nabelschnurblut. Der vorliegende Artikel basiert auf der Stellungnahme von Lukas Kenner für die öffentliche Anhörung des Bildungs- und Forschungsausschusses des Deutschen Bundestages über den Einsatz von Stammzellen in Forschung, Therapie und Wirkstoffentwicklung. Ethische Aspekte werden gewürdigt.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Klinisches Institut für Pathologie an der Medizinischen Universität in Wien, Austria

    Pamina Pflegerl, Thomas Keller, Brigitte Hantusch & Lukas Kenner

  2. Ludwig Boltzmann Institut für Krebsforschung, Wien, Austria

    Lukas Kenner

  3. Institut für Philosophie der Rheinischen Friedrich der Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Germany

    Thomas Sören Hoffmann

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Correspondence to Lukas Kenner.

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Pflegerl, P., Keller, T., Hantusch, B. et al. Stammzellforschung – Status, Ausblick und bioethischer Aspekt. Wien Med Wochenschr 158, 493–502 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10354-008-0551-x

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