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Lower Jurassic Bahamian-type facies in the Choč Nappe (Tatra Mts, West Carpathians, Poland) influenced by paleocirculation in the Western Tethys

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Abstract

The Lower Jurassic (upper Sinemurian) of the Hronicum domain (Tatra Mts., Western Carpathians, Poland) represents typical tropical shallow-water carbonates of the Bahamian-type. Eight microfacies recognized include oolitic-peloidal grainstone/packstone, peloidal-bioclastic grainstone, peloidal-lithoclastic-bioclastic-cortoidal grainstone/packstone, peloidal-bioclastic packstone/grainstone, peloidal-bioclastic wackestone, spiculitic wackestone, recrystallized peloidal-oolitic grainstone and subordinate dolosparites. The studied sediments were deposited on a shallow-water carbonate platform characterized by normal salinity, in high-energy oolite shoals, bars, back-margin, protected shallow lagoon and subordinately on restricted tidal flat. Some of them contain the microcoprolite Parafavreina, green alga Palaeodasycladus cf. mediterraneous (Pia) and Cayeuxia, typical of the Early Jurassic carbonate platforms of the Western Tethys. The spiculite wackestone from the upper part of the studied succession was deposited in a transitional to deeper-water setting. The studied upper Sinemurian carbonates of the Hronicum domain reveal microfacies similar to the other Bahamian-type platform carbonates of the Mediterranean region. Thereby, they record the northern range of the Lower Jurassic tropical shallow-water carbonates in the western part of the Tethys, albeit the thickness of the Bahamian-type carbonate successions generally decrease in a northerly direction. The sedimentation of the Bahamian-type deposits in the Hronicum domain, located during the Early Jurassic at about 28°N, besides other specific factors (i.e., light, salinity, and nutrients) was strongly controlled by the paleocirculation of warm ocean currents in the Western Tethys.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the authorities of the Tatra National Park (Zakopane, Poland) for providing the permission for fieldwork. T. R. and A. U. was supported by the Jagiellonian University (DS funds). Many thanks are offered to Maurizio Marino (Rome) and an anonymous reviewer for critical, constructive remarks, which helped to improve the final version of the paper. We are grateful M. Tucker, the journal editor, for useful remarks and kind help with editorial matters and language corrections.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-878, Kraków, Poland

    Tomasz Rychliński & Alfred Uchman

  2. Institute of Paleobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland

    Andrzej Gaździcki

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  1. Tomasz Rychliński
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  2. Alfred Uchman
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  3. Andrzej Gaździcki
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Correspondence to Tomasz Rychliński.

Appendix

Appendix

Description of ichnofossils

Ichnogenus Parafavreina Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b

Type ichnospecies: Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b

Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b

Figure 5

Selected synonyms of Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b

*1972 Parafavreina thoronetensis n. gen. et n. sp.—Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti: 947, pl. 1, Figs. 1–16, pl. 2, Figs. 1–10

1976 Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti—Piller: 143

1979 Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti—Senowbari-Daryan: 100, pl. 1, Figs. 8, 11, 12, 17–19.

1980 Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti—Bércziné Makk, pl. 4: Fig. 2

1983 Parafavreina thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti—Kristan-Tollmann and Tollmann: abb. 13: Figs. 1–6; taf. 15: Figs. 1–12

1986 Parafavrema thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b—Senowbari-Daryan and Stanley: 346, figs. lb, 3d, 4a, c–e, 5c–f.

1993 Parafavrema thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b—Blau, Grün and Senff, Fig. 5D–H

1994 Parafavrema thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b—Blau, Rosas and Senff, Fig. 5i–m

2000 Parafavrema thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b—Gaździcki, Michalík and Tomašowých, pl. 1: Figs. 1–2; pl. 2: Figs. 1–8; Fig. 3

2012 Parafavrema thoronetensis Brönnimann, Caron and Zaninetti 1972a, b—Gandin, Fig. 5g, i

Material: 13 specimens in three thin-sections from sample Z7, visible in cross, oblique, and longitudinal section, partly broken. Some microcoprolites are also present in samples Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z6 (for sample locations see Figs. 2, 5a), but their exact classification is uncertain due to their poor preservation and abrasion.

Stratigraphic range: Norian—Lower Jurassic.

Description: Parafavreina thoronetensis is characterized by a circular or subcircular outline in cross section, flattened slightly from the underside (“ventral” side) in some samples (Fig. 3c, d). It shows two bilateral symmetrical groups of longitudinal canals (35–40 in number), of triangular or rarely crescent shape in cross section. However, this feature is poorly recognizable in the studied material. The canals are 30–50 μm in width. In longitudinal section, the canals are preserved as elongate sparite-filled voids (about 150 μm long) arranged in linear rows resembling a dotted line. One pellet shows up to six such parallel rows.

Remarks: The studied coprolites correspond well with descriptions and illustrations given by Brönnimann et al. (1972a), Senowbari-Daryan and Stanley (1986), Gaździcki et al. (2000), and Gandin (2012).

Occurrence: The ichnospecies Parafavreina thoronetensis is known from many Late Triassic–Early Jurassic formations not only of Tethyan realm, including the Norian Hauptdolomit and the upper Rhaetian deposits of the Northern Calcareous Alps (Senowbari-Daryan 1979), the Norian Hauptdolomite facies of Tyrol (Hopf et al. 2001), Rhaetian of the Lienz Dolomites in the Southern Alps (Blau et al. 1993), Lower Jurassic of central Greece and Algeria (Brönnimann et al. 1972a), Spain (Colom Casanovas 1969), Rhaetian of the Transdanubian Range (Bércziné-Makk 1980), Rhaetian of Provence, France (Brönnimann et al. 1972b), southern Tuscany, Italy (Gandin 2012), Western Carpathians (Gaździcki et al. 2000) but also from the Lower Jurassic of Peru (Blau et al. 1994), Norian of Columbia (Blau et al. 1993), Rhaetian of California, USA (Kristan-Tollmann and Tollmann 1983), and the Norian–Sinemurian of the Shikoku Island, southwest Japan (Peybernes et al. 2016).

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Rychliński, T., Uchman, A. & Gaździcki, A. Lower Jurassic Bahamian-type facies in the Choč Nappe (Tatra Mts, West Carpathians, Poland) influenced by paleocirculation in the Western Tethys. Facies 64, 15 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-018-0528-1

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