Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Discontinuity surfaces in Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates of central Dalmatia (Croatia): Glossifungites ichnofacies, biogenic calcretes, and stratigraphic implications

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Facies Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Substrate-controlled ichnofacies and biogenic calcretes represent key features for identification and interpretation of discontinuities in the carbonate rock record, which are of great significance for stratigraphic interpretations and correlations. Intraformational firmground and composite surfaces, as well as a regional Cretaceous to Paleogene (K–Pg) subaerial unconformity, developed in Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene intra-platform peritidal successions in central Dalmatia, Croatia (Adriatic-Dinaridic Carbonate Platform, ADCP), were analyzed for their trace fossil and subaerial exposure features. Thalassinoides (probably T. paradoxicus) box-work burrow systems of the substrate-controlled Glossifungites ichnofacies characterize the two documented firmgrounds and one composite (polygenic) surface. Rhizogenic laminar calcretes developed subsequently inside burrows of the composite surface through diagenetic overprint of marine sediment that passively infilled the burrows. While the formation of the two firmgrounds was probably caused by cessation of precipitation and/or deposition of calcium carbonate due to relative sea-level fall, the recorded trace fossils associated with the composite surface indicate that this surface developed through both submarine firmground and subaerial exposure stages probably caused by several episodes of regression and transgression, and exemplifies the general complexity of hiatal surfaces in shallow-marine carbonate successions. The regional K–Pg subaerial unconformity is characterized by biogenic (beta microfabric) calcretes with rhizoliths including Microcodium aggregates, root tubules, as well as alveolar-septal structures. Laminar calcretes and pisoids, together with in situ and resedimented speleothems, and bauxitic deposits, were also recorded. The unconformity developed due to formation of a forebulge in front of the approaching Dinaridic orogen. Ichnological and subaerial exposure features, together with stratigraphic implications derived from the analyzed discontinuities, serve as examples that can be applied to discontinuities present in carbonate successions elsewhere.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Alonso-Zarza AM (1999) Initial stages of laminar calcrete formation by roots: examples from the Neogene of central Spain. Sediment Geol 126:177–191

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Zarza AM (2003) Palaeoenvironmental significance of palustrine carbonates and calcretes in the geological record. Earth Sci Rev 60:261–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Zarza AM, Jones B (2007) Root calcrete formation on quaternary karstic surfaces of Grand Cayman. Geol Acta 5:77–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Alonso-Zarza AM, Wright VP (2010) Calcretes. In: Alonso-Zarza AM, Tanner LH (eds) Carbonates in continental settings: facies, environments and processes. Dev Sedimentol 61:225–269

  • Alonso-Zarza AM, Sanz ME, Calvo JP, Estévez P (1998) Calcified root cells in Miocene pedogenic carbonates of the Madrid Basin: evidence for the origin of Microcodium b. Sediment Geol 116:81–97

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Armenteros I (2010) Diagenesis of carbonates in continental settings. In: Alonso-Zarza AM, Tanner LH (eds) Carbonates in continental settings: geochemistry, diagenesis and applications. Dev Sedimentol 62:61–151

  • Bardossy G (1982) Karst bauxites, bauxite deposits on carbonate rocks. Dev Econ Geol 14:1–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Bravi S, Carannante G, Masucci F, Pomoni-Papaioannou F, Simone L (2008) Dry and warm climatic conditions witnessed by sabkha-related evaporitic cycles in the “Middle Cretaceous” limestone of the Southern Apennines. GEOSED 2008, Bari, 21/09/08, Abstracts

  • Brlek M, Korbar T, Cvetko Tešović B, Glumac B, Fuček L (2012) Stratigraphic framework, discontinuity surfaces and regional significance of Campanian slope to ramp carbonates from central Dalmatia, Croatia. Facies. doi:10.1007/s10347-012-0342-0

    Google Scholar 

  • Bromley RG (1967) Some observations on burrows of thalassinidean Crustacea in chalk hardgrounds. Q J Geol Soc Lond 123:157–182

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bromley RG (1975) Trace fossils at omission surfaces. In: Frey RW (ed) The study of trace fossils. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp 399–428

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bromley RG (1996) Trace fossils—biology, taphonomy and applications, 2nd edn. Chapman and Hall, London 361

    Google Scholar 

  • Buatois L, Mángano M (2011) Ichnology: organism-substrate interactions in space and time. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 358

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Cachão M, da Silva CM, Santos A, Domènech R, Martinell J, Mayoral E (2009) The bioeroded megasurface of Oura (Algarve, south Portugal): implications for the Neogene stratigraphy and tectonic evolution of southwest Iberia. Facies 55:213–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carannante G, Ruberti D, Sirna M (2000) Upper Cretaceous ramp limestones from the Sorrento Peninsula (southern Apennines, Italy): micro- and macrofossil associations and their significance in the depositional sequences. Sediment Geol 132:89–123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christ N, Immenhauser A, Amour F, Mutti M, Tomas S, Agar SM, Alway R, Kabiri L (2012) Characterization and interpretation of discontinuity surfaces in a Jurassic ramp setting (High Atlas, Morocco). Sedimentology 59:249–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clari PA, Della Pierre F, Martire L (1995) Discontinuities in carbonate successions: identification, interpretation and classification of some Italian examples. Sediment Geol 100:97–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ćosović V, Drobne K, Moro A (2004) Paleoenvironmental model for Eocene foraminiferal limestones of the Adriatic carbonate platform (Istrian Peninsula). Facies 50:61–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ćosović V, Premec Fuček V, Gušić I, Jelaska V, Moro A (2006) The age of the Tilovica breccias in Central Dalmatia, Croatia. Micropaleontology 52:281–286

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ćosović V, Drobne K, Ogorelec B, Moro A, Koić M, Šoštarko I, Tarlao A, Tunis G (2008) Decastronema barattoloi (De Castro), characteristic fossil of the Palaeocene and the Eocene peritidal sediments from the Adriatic carbonate platform. Geol Croat 61:321–332

    Google Scholar 

  • Cvetko Tešović B, Gušić I, Jelaska V, Bucković D (2001) Stratigraphy and microfacies of the Upper Cretaceous Pučišća Formation, Island of Brač, Croatia. Cret Res 22:591–613

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • D’Argenio B, Mindszenty A (1995) Bauxites and related paleokarst: tectonic and climatic event markers at regional unconformities. Eclog Geol Helv 88:453–499

    Google Scholar 

  • Di Stefano P, Mindszenty A (2000) Fe–Mn-encrusted “Kamenitza” and associated features in the Jurassic of Monte Kumeta (Sicily): subaerial and/or submarine dissolution? Sediment Geol 132:37–68

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Di Stefano P, Galácz A, Mallarino G, Mindszenty A, Vörös A (2002) Birth and early evolution of a Jurassic escarpment: Monte Kumeta Western Sicily. Facies 46:273–298

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dunham RJ (1962) Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional texture. AAPG Mem 1:108–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Durand N, Gunnell Y, Curmi P, Ahmad SM (2006) Pathways of calcrete development on weathered silicate rocks in Tamil Nadu, India: mineralogy, geochemistry and paleoenvironmental implications. Sediment Geol 192:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Durand N, Monger HC, Canti MG (2010) Calcium carbonate features. In: Stoops G, Marcelino V, Mees F (eds) Interpretation of micromorphological features of soils and regoliths. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 149–194

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Durn G, Ottner F, Tišljar J, Mindszenty A, Barudžija U (2003) Regional subaerial unconformities in shallow-marine carbonate sequences of Istria: sedimentology, mineralogy, geochemistry and micromorphology of associated bauxites, paleosols and pedo-sedimentary complexes. In: Vlahović I, Tišljar J (eds) Field trip guidebook, 22nd IAS meeting of sedimentology, Opatija, pp 209–251

  • Ehrenberg K (1944) Ergänzende Bemerkungen zu den seinerzeit aus dem Miozän von Burgschleinitz beschriebenen Gangkernen und Bauten dekapoder Krebse. Paläont Z 23:345–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekdale AA (1992) Muckraking and mudslinging: the joys of deposit-feeding. In: Maples CG, West RR (eds) Trace fossils. short courses in paleontology, Paleontological Society, 5:145–171

  • Ekdale AA, Bromley RG (1984) Sedimentology and ichnology of the Cretaceous–Tertiary boundary in Denmark: implications for the causes of the terminal Cretaceous extinction. J Sediment Petrol 54:681–703

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekdale AA, Bromley RG, Pemberton GS (1984) Ichnology: the use of trace fossils in sedimentology and stratigraphy. SEPM Short Course, p 317

  • Embry AF, Klovan JE (1971) A late Devonian reef on northeastern Banks Island, NWT. Bull Can Petrol Geol 19:730–781

    Google Scholar 

  • Esteban M, Klappa CF (1983) Subaerial exposure environments. In: Scholle PA, Bebout DG, Moore CH (eds) Carbonate depositional environments. AAPG Mem 33:1–96

  • Fleury JJ (1980) Les zones de Gavrovo-Tripolitza et du Pinde-Olonos (Grèce continentale et Peloponnèse du Nord). Èvolution d’une plateforme et d’un bassin dans leur cadre alpin. Publ Soc Géol Nord 4:1–651

    Google Scholar 

  • Flügel E (2004) Microfacies of carbonate rocks. Analysis, interpretation and application. Springer, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, p 976

    Google Scholar 

  • Frey RW (1973) Concepts in the study of biogenic sedimentary structures. J Sediment Petrol 43:6–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Fürsich FT (1979) Genesis, environments, and ecology of Jurassic hardgrounds. N Jb Geol Paläont Abh 158:1–63

    Google Scholar 

  • GKRH (2009) Geološka karta Republike Hrvatske (Geological Map of the Republic of Croatia) scale 1:300.000. Hrvatski geološki institut (Croatian Geological Survey), Zagreb, 1 sheet

  • Gruszczynski M, Coleman ML, Marcinowski R, Walaszczyk I, Iasscs MCP (2002) Palaeoenvironmental conditions of hardground formation in the Late Turonian–Coniacian of Mangyshlak Mountains, western Kazakhstan. Acta Geol Polon 52:423–435

    Google Scholar 

  • Gušić I, Jelaska V (1990) Upper Cretaceous stratigraphy of the Island of Brač within the geodynamic evolution of the Adriatic carbonate platform. Djela Jugosl Akad Znan Umjetn 69:1–160

    Google Scholar 

  • Herwitz SR, Muhs DR, Prospero JM, Mahan S, Vaughn B (1996) Origin of Bermuda's clay-rich paleosols and their paleoclimatic significance. J Geophys Res 101:23389–23400

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillgärtner H (1998) Discontinuity surfaces on a shallow-marine carbonate platform (Berriasian, Valanginian, France and Switzerland). J Sediment Res 68:1093–1108

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Immenhauser A, Rameil N (2011) Interpretation of ancient epikarst features in carbonate successions—a note of caution. Sediment Geol 239:1–9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jackson ML (1956) Soil chemical analysis—advanced course. Published by the author, Madison, Wisconsin, p 894

  • Jaillard B, Guyon A, Maurin AF (1991) Structure and composition of calcified roots, and their identification in calcareous soils. Geoderma 50:197–210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James NP, Choquette PW (eds) (1988) Paleokarst. Springer, New York, p 416

  • Jenkyns HC (1991) Impact of Cretaceous sea-level rise and anoxic events on the Mesozoic carbonate platform of Yugoslavia. AAPG Bull 75:1007–1017

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones B (1994) Diagenetic processes associated with plant roots and microorganisms in karst terrains of the Cayman Islands, British West Indies. In: Wolf GH, Chilingarin GV (eds) Diagenesis, IV. Dev Sedimentol 51:425–475

  • Jones B, Kahle CF (1985) Lichen and Algae—agents of biodiagenesis in karst breccia from Grand Cayman Island, British West Indies. Bull Can Petrol Geol 33:446–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabanov P, Anadón P, Krumbein WE (2008) Microcodium: an extensive review and a proposed non-rhizogenic biologically induced origin for its formation. Sediment Geol 205:79–99

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy WJ (1967) Burrows and surface traces from the Lower Chalk of southern England. Bull Brit Mus Nat Hist Geol 15:127–167

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy WJ, Garrison RE (1975) Morphology and genesis of nodular chalks and hardgrounds in the Upper Cretaceous of southern England. Sedimentology 22:311–386

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klappa CF (1980) Rhizoliths in terrestrial carbonates: classification, recognition, genesis and significance. Sedimentology 27:613–629

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knaust (2008) Balanoglossites Mägdefrau, 1932 from the Middle Triassic of Germany: part of a complex trace fossil probably produced by burrowing and boring polychaetes. Paläont Z 82:347–372

  • Knaust D, Curran HA, Dronov AV (2012) Shallow-marine carbonates. In: Knaust D, Bromley RG (eds) Trace fossils as indicators of sedimentary environments. Dev Sedimentol 64:705–776

  • Korbar T (2009) Orogenic evolution of the external Dinarides in the NE Adriatic region; a model constrained by tectonostratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates. Earth Sci Rev 96:296–312

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korbar T, Cvetko Tešović B, Radovanović I, Krizmanić K, Steuber T, Skelton PW (2010a) Campanian Pseudosabinia from the Pučišća Formation on the Island of Hvar (Adriatic Sea, Croatia). Turkish J Earth Sci 19:721–731

    Google Scholar 

  • Korbar T, Surić M, Fuček L, Mihelčić V, Veseli V, Drobne K (2010b). Geologija kornatskog otočja. In: Horvat M (ed) 4. hrvatski geološki kongres-vodič ekskurzija. Hrvatski geološki institut, Zagreb, pp 131–141

  • Košir A (2004) Microcodium revisited: root calcification products of terrestrial plants on carbonate-rich substrates. J Sediment Res 74:845–857

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovačević Galović E, Ilijanić N, Peh Z, Miko S, Hasan O (2012) Geochemical discrimination of Early Palaeogene bauxites in Croatia. Geol Croat 65:53–65

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lj Babić, Zupanič J (2012) Laterally variable development of a basin-wide transgressive unit of the North Dalmatian foreland basin (Eocene, Dinarides, Croatia). Geol Croat 65:1–27

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • MacEachern JA, Pemberton SG, Gingras MK, Bann KL (2007) The ichnofacies paradigm: a fifty-year retrospective. In: Miller WIII (ed) Trace fossils: concepts, problems, prospects. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 52–77

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Mägdefrau K (1932) Über einige Bohrgänge aus dem Unteren Muschelkalk von Jena. Paläont Z 14:150–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marjanac T, Babac D, Benić J, Ćosović V, Drobne K, Marjanac Lj, Pavlovec R, Velimirović Z (1998) Eocene carbonate sediments and sea-level changes on the SE part of Adriatic Carbonate Platform (Island of Hvar and Pelješac Peninsula, Croatia). In: Hottinger L, Drobne K (eds) Paleogene shallow benthos of the Tethys. Dela, Slov akad znan umetn (SAZU) 34:243–254

  • Martinuš M, Bucković D, Kukuč D (2012) Discontinuity surfaces recorded in shallow-marine platform carbonates: an example from the Early Jurassic of the Velebit Mt. (Croatia). Facies 58:649–669

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Matičec D, Vlahović I, Velić I, Tišljar J (1996) Eocene limestones overlying lower Cretaceous deposits of Western Istria (Croatia): did some parts of present Istria form land during the Cretaceous? Geol Croat 49:117–127

    Google Scholar 

  • Meléndez A, Alonso-Zarza AM, Sancho C (2011) Multi-storey calcrete profiles developed during the initial stages of the configuration of the Ebro Basin’s exorrheic fluvial network. Geomorphology 134:232–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller CR, James NP, Bone Y (2012) Prolonged carbonate diagenesis under an evolving late Cenozoic climate; Nullarbor Plain, southern Australia. Sediment Geol 261–262:33–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mindszenty A, D’Argenio B, Aiello G (1995) Lithospheric bulges recorded by regional unconformities. The case of Mesozoic-Tertiary Apulia. Tectonophysics 252:137–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moro A, Skelton PW, Ćosović V (2002) Palaeonvironmental setting of rudists in the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian–Maastrichtian) Adriatic Carbonate Platform (Croatia), based on sequence stratigraphy. Cret Res 23:489–508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myrow PM (1995) Thalassinoides and the enigma of Early Paleozoic open-framework burrow-systems. Palaios 10:58–74

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Otoničar B (2007) Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene forbulge unconformity associated with foreland basin evolution (Kras, Matarsko podolje and Istria; SW Slovenia and NW Croatia). Acta Carsol 36:101–120

    Google Scholar 

  • Pamić J, Gušić I, Jelaska V (1998) Geodynamic evolution of Central Dinarides. Tectonophysics 297:273–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Pemberton SG, MacEachern JA, Saunders T (2004) Stratigraphic applications of substrate-specific ichnofacies: delineating discontinuities in the rock record. In: McIlroy D (ed) The application of ichnology to palaeoenvironmental and stratigraphic analysis. Geol Soc Lond Spec Publ 228:29–62

  • Radoičić R (1982) Carbonate platform of the Dinarides. Bull SANU 22:35–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Radoičić R (1987) Bauxites of the internal Dinarides: stratigraphy and facies of bedrock and cover (Bosnia-Metohija sector). Rend Soc Geol It 9:277–280

    Google Scholar 

  • Rameil N, Immenhauser A, Csoma AÉ, Warrlich G (2012) Surfaces with a long history: the Aptian top Shu’aiba Formation unconformity, Sultanate of Oman. Sedimentology 59:212–248

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen KA, Neumann AC (1988) Holocene overprints of Pleistocene paleokarst: Bight of Abaco, Bahamas. In: James NP, Choquette PW (eds) paleokarst. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, pp 132–148

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Tovar FJ (2005) Fe-oxide spherules infilling Thalassinoides burrows at the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–P) boundary: evidence of a near-contemporaneous macrobenthic colonization during the K–P event. Geology 33:585–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Tovar FJ, Martínez-Ruiz F, Bernasconi SM (2006) Use of high-resolution ichnological and stable isotope data for assessing completeness of a K–P boundary section, Agost, Spain. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 237:137–146

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Tovar FJ, Pérez-Valera F, Pérez-López A (2007) Ichnological analysis in high-resolution sequence stratigraphy: the Glossifungites Ichnofacies in Triassic successions from the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain). Sediment Geol 198:293–307

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodríguez-Tovar FJ, Puga-Bernabéu Á, Buatois LA (2008) Large burrow systems in marine Miocene deposits of the Betic Cordillera (Southeast Spain). Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 268:19–25

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossinsky V, Wanless HR, Swart PK (1993) Penetrative calcretes and their stratigraphic significance. Geology 20:331–334

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sakač K, Šinkovec B (1991) The bauxites of the Dinarides. Travaux ICSOBA 20–21:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Sattler U, Immenhauser A, Hillgärtner H, Esteban M (2005) Characterization, lateral variability and lateral extent of discontinuity surfaces on a carbonate platform (Barremian to Lower Aptian, Oman). Sedimentology 52:339–361

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Savrda CE (2012) Chalk and related deep-marine carbonates. In: Knaust D, Bromley RG (eds) Trace fossils as indicators of sedimentary environments. Dev Sedimentol 64:777–806

  • Savrda ChE, Browning JV, Krawinkel H, Hesselbo SP (2001) Firmground ichnofabrics in deep-water sequence stratigraphy, Tertiary clinoform-toe deposits, New Jersey slope. Palaios 16:294–305

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarz E, Buatois LA (2012) Substrate-controlled ichnofacies along a marine sequence boundary: the Intra-Valanginian discontinuity in central Neuquén Basin (Argentina). Sediment Geol 277–278:72–87

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schweitzer CE, Shirk AM, Ćosović V, Okan Y, Feldmann RM, Hoşgör I (2007) New species of Harpactocarcinus from the Tethyan Eocene and their paleoecological setting. J Paleont 81:1091–1100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Šinkovec B (1973) The origin of early Paleogene bauxites of Istria, Yugoslavia. 3ėme Congr Intern d’ICSOBA Nice 1973:151–164

  • Steuber T, Korbar T, Jelaska V, Gušić I (2005) Strontium-isotope stratigraphy of Upper Cretaceous platform carbonates of the Island of Brač (Adriatic Sea, Croatia): implications for global correlation of platform evolution and biostratigraphy. Cret Res 26:741–756

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A (1984) Black pebble occurrence and genesis in Holocene carbonate sediments (Florida Keys, Bahamas, and Tunisia). J Sediment Petrol 54:1097–1109

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker ME, Wright VP (1990) Carbonate sedimentology. Blackwell Science Publications, Oxford 482

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Velić I (2007) Stratigraphy and palaeobiogeography of Mesozoic benthic foraminifera of the Karst Dinarides (SE Europe). Geol Croat 60:1–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Vlahović I, Tišljar J, Velić I, Matičec D (2005) Evolution of the Adriatic Carbonate Platform: palaeogeography, main events and depositional dynamics. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 220:333–360

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson MA, Curran HA, White B (1998) Paleontological evidence of a brief global sea-level event during the last interglacial. Lethaia 31:241–250

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright VP (1994) Paleosols in shallow marine carbonate sequences. Earth Sci Rev 35:367–395

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright VP (2007) Calcretes. In: Nash D, McLaren S (eds) Geochemical sediments and landscapes. Wiley, Oxford, pp 10–45

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Wright VP, Tucker ME (1991) Calcretes: an introduction. In: Wright VP, Tucker ME (eds) Calcretes. IAS reprint series 2:1–22

  • Wright VP, Platt NH, Wimbledon W (1988) Biogenic laminar calcretes: evidence of calcified root mat horizons in palaeosols. Sedimentology 35:603–620

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wright VP, Platt NH, Marriot SB, Beck VH (1995) A classification of rhizogenic (root-formed) calcretes, with examples from the Upper Jurassic–Lower Carboniferous of Spain and Upper Cretaceous of southern France. Sediment Geol 100:143–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zamagni J, Mutti M, Košir A (2008) Evolution of shallow benthic communities during the late Paleocene-earliest Eocene transition in the northern Tethys (SW Slovenia). Facies 54:25–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhou J, Chafetz HS (2009) Biogenic caliches in Texas: the role of organisms and effect of climate. Sediment Geol 222:207–225

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the project “Stratigraphy and Geodynamic Context of Cretaceous Deposits in the NE Adriatic Region” (No. 181-1191152-2697) of the Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia. We would like to thank Andrea Mindszenty and Francisco J. Rodríguez-Tovar for their very helpful comments and suggestions that greatly improved the manuscript. Facies Editor-in-Chief Franz Theodor Fürsich is thanked for his helpful comments and editorial work. We would also like to thank Marija Marguš, Elvira Bura Nakić, and Neven Cukrov from the Ruđer Bošković Institute Marine Station Martinska for accommodation during field studies, the Croatian Geological Survey Lab team for thin-section preparation, and Ladislav Fuček for field assistance.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Croatian Geological Survey, Sachsova 2, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia

    Mihovil Brlek, Tvrtko Korbar & Anita Grizelj

  2. Institute of Palaeontology ZRC SAZU, Novi trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Adrijan Košir

  3. Department of Geosciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA, 01063, USA

    Bosiljka Glumac

  4. Karst Research Institute ZRC SAZU, Titov trg 2, 6230, Postojna, Slovenia

    Bojan Otoničar

Authors
  1. Mihovil Brlek
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tvrtko Korbar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Adrijan Košir
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Bosiljka Glumac
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Anita Grizelj
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Bojan Otoničar
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mihovil Brlek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Brlek, M., Korbar, T., Košir, A. et al. Discontinuity surfaces in Upper Cretaceous to Paleogene carbonates of central Dalmatia (Croatia): Glossifungites ichnofacies, biogenic calcretes, and stratigraphic implications. Facies 60, 467–487 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-013-0378-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10347-013-0378-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation