Abstract
Effective weed management in maize-wheat (M-W) cropping systems are accountable for higher yield and plant biomass. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of manual weeding and chemicals (pre- and post-emergence herbicide) for actual weed control to enhance maize yield and M‑W system productivity. Herbicides were treated as pre-emergence (sole), post-emergence (sole) and its combined application (pre- and post-emergence) for weed eradication and suppression. Sole pre-emergence herbicide (acetyclour + atrazine) and sole post-emergence herbicides (nicosulfuron), and its mixed application were used in the experiments. The experiment was comprised on 6 treatments with one weedy check or control plot: W1 = weedy check, W2 = acetyclour + atrazine, W3 = atrazine, W4 = nicosulfuron, W5 = nicosulfuron + atrazine, W6 = acetyclour + atrazine + nicosulfuron and W7 = manual weeding. Main weeds were Cyperus rotundus, Tribulus terrestris, Dactyloctenium aegyptium and Cynodon dactylon. Experiential findings revealed that manual weeding was found most effective in terms of controlling weed and suppression. Among the herbicides application, promising results in terms of weed destruction and suppression were shown by combined application of acetyclour + atrazine + nicosulfuron which effectively controlled weeds as compared to other treatments. It was concluded that manual weeding drastically reduced weeds frequency and biomass while among the herbicides application acetyclour + atrazine and nicosulfuron could be promising for weeds suppression and clamp downing as compared to all other treatments under M‑W cropping system.
Zusammenfassung
Eine wirksame Unkrautbekämpfung in Mais-Weizen(M-W)-Anbausystemen ist für höhere Erträge und Pflanzenbiomasse verantwortlich. Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Wirksamkeit der manuellen Unkrautbekämpfung und des Einsatzes chemischer Mittel (Herbizide vor und nach dem Auflaufen der Pflanze) zur tatsächlichen Unkrautbekämpfung zu bewerten, um den Maisertrag und die Produktivität des M‑W-Systems zu steigern. Die Herbizide wurden vor dem Auflaufen (allein), nach dem Auflaufen (allein) und in Kombination (vor und nach dem Auflaufen) zur Unkrautvernichtung und -unterdrückung eingesetzt. In den Versuchen wurden ein einziges Herbizid vor dem Auflaufen (Acetyclour + Atrazin) und ein einziges Herbizid nach dem Auflaufen (Nicosulfuron) sowie deren gemischte Anwendung eingesetzt. Der Versuch umfasste 6 Behandlungen mit einer Unkrautkontrolle oder Kontrollparzelle: W1 = Unkrautkontrolle, W2 = Acetyclour + Atrazin, W3 = Atrazin, W4 = Nicosulfuron, W5 = Nicosulfuron + Atrazin, W6 = Acetyclour + Atrazin + Nicosulfuron und W7 = manuelles Jäten. Die wichtigsten Unkräuter waren Cyperus rotundus, Tribulus terrestris, Dactyloctenium aegyptium und Cynodon dactylon. Erfahrungsgemäß erwies sich die manuelle Unkrautbekämpfung als am effektivsten, was die Unkrautkontrolle und -unterdrückung angeht. Unter den eingesetzten Herbiziden zeigte die kombinierte Anwendung von Acetyclour + Atrazin + Nicosulfuron vielversprechende Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die Unkrautvernichtung und -unterdrückung, da sie im Vergleich zu anderen Behandlungen das Unkraut wirksam bekämpfte. Es wurde festgestellt, dass die manuelle Unkrautbekämpfung die Unkrauthäufigkeit und die Biomasse drastisch reduzierte, während von den Herbiziden Acetyclour + Atrazin und Nicosulfuron im Vergleich zu allen anderen Behandlungen im M‑W-Anbausystem vielversprechend für die Unkrautunterdrückung und -bekämpfung sein könnten.
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I. Imran and A. Amanullah declare that they have no competing interests.
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Imran, Amanullah Assessment of Chemical and Manual Weed Control Approaches for Effective Weed Suppression and Maize Productivity Enhancement Under Maize-Wheat Cropping System. Gesunde Pflanzen 74, 167–176 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00599-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-021-00599-7