Abstract
Coccinella septempunctata L. is a dominant predator of herbivorous pest insects (e.g. aphids) in various crops in Pakistan. A series of bioassays were conducted to determine the sublethal and residual activities of six insecticides, which are commonly used in canola crop (Brassica napus L.) in Pakistan on adult and fourth instar larvae of Coccinella septempunctata L. in laboratory conditions. We measured the mortality, uncoordination and consumption rate of coccinellid beetle to identify the products with comparatively low toxicity or short duration effects. Six insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, profenophos, chlorpyriphos, lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin) were used to treat aphids and arenas at sublethal concentration (LC30). Compared to control treatment, increased mortality and knockdown effects were observed following contact with residues and prey treated with all insecticides. While predatory efficiency of both adult and larval stages of C. septempunctata was significantly decreased after treatments. However, significantly lower mortality and high prey consumption were observed after treatment with imidacloprid and thiamethoxam (neonicotinoids) compared to other four insecticides. Results of choice and no-choice tests using field doses and ½ field doses also confirmed the significant difference in consumption of prey between imidacloprid, thiamethoxam and other four chemicals. Larvae and adult of C. septempunctata preferentially consumed untreated aphids than treated aphids with ½ and maximum field dose over the 5 h experimental period. This study provides information to guide canola growers in their selection of insecticides.
Zusammenfassung
Coccinella septempunctata L. ist ein dominantes Raubtier für pflanzenfressende Schädlingsinsekten (z. B. Blattläuse) in verschiedenen Kulturen Pakistans. In dieser Studie wurden eine Reihe von Bioassays durchgeführt, um die subletale und die restliche Aktivität von sechs Insektiziden zu bestimmen, die üblicherweise in Raps (Brassica napus L.) in Pakistan an erwachsenen Larven und Larven im vierten Stadium von Coccinella septempunctata L. unter Laborbedingungen verwendet werden. Wir haben die Sterblichkeit, die Koordinationsstörung und die Konsumrate von Coccinellid-Käfern gemessen, um Produkte mit vergleichsweise geringer Toxizität oder Auswirkungen von kurzer Dauer zu identifizieren. Sechs Insektizide (Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Profenophos, Chlorpyriphos, Lambda-Cyhalothrin und Cypermethrin) wurden zur Behandlung von Blattläusen und Arenen in subletaler Konzentration (LC30) eingesetzt. Im Vergleich zur Kontrollbehandlung wurden nach Kontakt mit Rückständen und mit allen Insektiziden behandelten Beutetieren erhöhte Mortalitäts- und Knockdown-Effekte beobachtet. Die räuberische Wirksamkeit von C. septempunctata sowohl im Erwachsenen- als auch im Larvenstadium war nach den Behandlungen signifikant verringert. Nach der Behandlung mit Imidacloprid und Thiamethoxam (Neonicotinoide) wurden im Vergleich zu den anderen vier Insektiziden jedoch eine signifikant niedrigere Mortalität und ein hoher Beuteverbrauch beobachtet. Ergebnisse von Choice- und No-Choice-Tests unter Verwendung von Felddosen und ½‑Felddosen bestätigten auch den signifikanten Unterschied im Verbrauch von Beute zwischen Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam und den anderen vier Chemikalien. Larven und Erwachsene von C. septempunctata konsumierten bevorzugt unbehandelte Blattläuse im Vergleich zu behandelten Blattläusen mit einer halben und maximalen Felddosis über den 5‑stündigen Versuchszeitraum. Diese Studie bietet Informationen, die Rapsanbauer bei der Auswahl von Insektiziden unterstützen.
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R. Afza, M.A. Riaz and M. Afzal declare that they have no competing interests.
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Afza, R., Riaz, M.A. & Afzal, M. Sublethal Effect of Six Insecticides on Predatory Activity and Survival of Coccinella Septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) Following Contact with Contaminated Prey and Residues. Gesunde Pflanzen 72, 77–86 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00487-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-019-00487-1
Keywords
- Sublethal concentration
- Coccinella septempunctata
- Brassica napus
- Neonocotinoids
- Integrated pest management