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Extremwetterlagen und Auswirkungen auf Schaderreger – extreme Wissenslücken

Weizen, Gerste, Mais, Raps, Kartoffel, Zuckerrübe, Ackerfutterpflanzen und Grünland

Extreme Weather and influences on Plant Pests: Extreme Knowledge Gap

Wheat, barley, maize, rape, potato, beet, field forage crops and grassland

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Zusammenfassung

Der Klimawandel wird voraussichtlich zu einer Zunahme der Häufigkeit, Intensität, räumlichen Verteilung, Dauer und Timing von Extremwetterereignissen sowie dem Auftreten neuartiger Extrema führen. Die Landwirtschaft ist nicht immun. Studien der ständig wachsenden Literatur über den Klimawandel lassen erkennen, dass es vergleichsweise wenig Arbeiten zum Einfluss von Extremwetter auf die Landwirtschaft gibt. Es ist nicht möglich, belastbare Vorhersagen zu den zukünftigen Auswirkungen von Extremwetterereignissen zu machen. Schaderreger (Unkräuter, Schadinsekten und Pflanzenkrankheiten) stellen einen limitierenden Faktor der Pflanzenproduktion dar. Daher wurde in der vorliegenden Arbeit in der seit 1945 erschienenen wissenschaftlichen Literatur recherchiert, was über den Einfluss von Wetterextrema auf das Auftreten der Schaderreger an Weizen, Gerste, Mais, Zuckerrüben, Kartoffeln, Raps, Ackerfutterpflanzen und Grünland sowie durch sie verursachte Ertragsverluste bekannt ist. Nur 63 relevante Arbeiten konnten gefunden werden. Am meisten untersucht sind Schadinsekten und Schadpilze an Weizen und Mais. Untersucht wurde hauptsächlich der Einfluss von Dürre, Trockenheit, Hitze und Starkregen. Es gibt enorme Wissenslücken. Auf dieser Grundlage ist es gegenwärtig nicht möglich, den Einfluss von Extremwetterereignissen auf das Schaderregerauftreten und mögliche Ertragsverluste abzuschätzen und zu bewerten. Forschungen hierzu sind dringend notwendig.

Abstract

Climate Change is likely to increase the frequency, intensity, spatial extent, duration and timing of weather and climate extremes and can result in unprecedented extremes. Managed systems like agriculture are not immune to them. Studying the rapidly growing body of climate change literature it has been noted that there are only a few papers concerning the influences of extreme weather on agriculture. Projections of future impacts of extreme weather cannot always be made with a high level of confidence. Pests (weeds, insect pests and plant pathogens) represent a major constraint to crop production. The present paper analyses scientific literature published since 1945 concerning the knowledge about the influences of extreme weather on incidence of pests in wheat, barley, maize, beet, potato, rape, forage crops and grassland. Only 63 papers were found. Insect pests and plant pathogenic fungi of maize and wheat are most investigated. The most papers describe the influences of drought, dryness heat and heavy down pours. There are enormously knowledge gaps. On the basis of this it is not possible to assess the influences of weather extremes in a changing climate on pests and yield loss current. More research in this field is needed urgently.

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Danksagung

Für die Beratung zur technischen Durchführung der Literaturrecherchen danke ich Frau Dr. Heike Riegler und Dr. Olaf Hering vom „Informationszentrum und Bibliothek“ des Julius Kühn- Institutes herzlich.

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    Petra Seidel

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Seidel, P. Extremwetterlagen und Auswirkungen auf Schaderreger – extreme Wissenslücken. Gesunde Pflanzen 66, 83–92 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-014-0319-8

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