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Biological Control of Penicillium on Lemon Fruits by Essential Oils of Satureja Species

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Abstract

Essential oils obtained from stem plus leaves of six Satureja species (Satureja cilicica, Satureja cuneifolia, Satureja hortensis, Satureja montana, Satureja spicigera, and Satureja thymbra) were tested for their toxicity against nine Penicillium species (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium digitatum, Penicillium expansum, Penicillium italicum, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4, and Penicillium sp. 5). All essential oils showed toxicity on nine Penicillium species when applied using three different methods. For this reason, 10, 20, and 30 μl of essential oils were further evaluated via three different methods: 1) mixed with a medium, 2) evaporation effect, and 3) evaporation effects of oil on packaged lemon fruits. The oils showed inhibitory effects against the growth of Penicillium species at all three concentrations: about 24.10–100% in the mixed (contact phase) and 60.37–100% in the evaporation method. For contact phase and evaporation, the oils of S. cilicica (100%), S. cuneifolia (100%), S. hortensis (100%), S. montana (100%), S. spicigera (100%), and S. thymbra (100%) showed a high level of inhibition. According to the data from this research, essential oils of six Satureja species have the potential to effectively control (inhibit growth) saprophytic fungi such as Penicillium species that infect citrus fruits.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Muğla Sıtkı Kocman University, Muğla, Turkey

    Saban Kordali

  2. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Igdir University, Igdir, Turkey

    Ayse Usanmaz Bozhuyuk

  3. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Amanmohammad Komaki

  4. Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey

    Gulce Ilhan & Sezai Ercisli

Authors
  1. Saban Kordali
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  2. Ayse Usanmaz Bozhuyuk
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  3. Amanmohammad Komaki
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  4. Gulce Ilhan
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  5. Sezai Ercisli
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Correspondence to Sezai Ercisli.

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S. Kordali, A. Usanmaz Bozhuyuk, A. Komaki, G. Ilhan, and S. Ercisli declare that they have no competing interests.

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Kordali, S., Usanmaz Bozhuyuk, A., Komaki, A. et al. Biological Control of Penicillium on Lemon Fruits by Essential Oils of Satureja Species. Erwerbs-Obstbau 64, 703–715 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00686-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00686-7

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