Abstract
A series of experiments were conducted in which adults, pupae, and 4-week-old larvae of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), the red flour beetle, were exposed separately on concrete arenas partially treated (14.4% of the total area) with the insecticide chlorfenapyr (Phantom®) at 1.1 g of active ingredient/m2. A flour food source (patch) was also provided in the untreated portions of the arenas. In the first trial, adult mortality averaged 60.0 ± 10.6%, but progeny production occurred in the provided food patches. Pupal mortality was only 8.3 ± 3.1%, indicating that when adult emergence occurred, those adults were able to escape exposure, and there was no difference in progeny production from that in untreated controls (P = 0.27). In the second trial, few larvae exposed in choice and no-choice arenas were able to emerge as normal adults. In a final trial, residual efficacy declined during a 3-week period, with larvae being more susceptible than adults. Results show mobility of life stage may be a determining factor when assessing susceptibility of T. castaneum to contact insecticides.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank BASF Corporation for product samples and financial assistance for the study. We also thank B. D. Barnett for technical assistance with this research. We also thank D. Suiter for reviewing a draft of this paper prior to journal submission. This paper reports the results of research only. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
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Communicated by C. G. Athanassiou.
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Arthur, F.H., Fontenot, E.A. Food source provisioning and susceptibility of immature and adult Tribolium castaneum on concrete partially treated with chlorfenapyr (Phantom®). J Pest Sci 85, 277–282 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0380-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-011-0380-3