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Determination of Tryptophan, Glutathione, and Uric Acid in Human Whole Blood Extract by Capillary Electrophoresis with a One-Step Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Microelectrode

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Abstract

In this work, a modified carbon fiber microdisk electrode (CFME) was created via the one-step electrochemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) in a film on the surface of the electrode. This one-step electrochemically reduced GO-modified electrode (ERGO/CFME) displayed improved voltammetric responses to tryptophan (Trp), uric acid (UA), and glutathione (GSH) compared with those afforded by an unmodified CFME. The ERGO/CFME was used as the detector in capillary electrophoresis–electrochemical detection (CE-ECD) to separate and determine these species, and linear concentration ranges of 0.6–600 µmol L−1 for Trp, 0.8–600 µmol L−1 for GSH, and 1–600 µmol L−1 for UA were obtained using this electrode. The detection limits of this system were found to be 0.1 µmol L−1 for Trp and 0.6 µmol L−1 for GSH and UA. The ERGO/CFME showed good reproducibility, stability, and durability, and was successfully used to determine Trp, UA, and GSH in human whole-blood extracts. These results demonstrate that ERGO is a promising electrode material for use in electrochemical sensing and CE-ECD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, Shandong Normal University, 88 WenHua Dong Road, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China

    M. Zhao, M.-F. Zhou, X.-X. Cong & X.-L. Wang

  2. Department of Obstetrics, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, 250014, People’s Republic of China

    H. Feng

Authors
  1. M. Zhao
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  2. M.-F. Zhou
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  3. H. Feng
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  4. X.-X. Cong
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  5. X.-L. Wang
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to X.-L. Wang.

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Funding

This study was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (no. ZR2014BM003); Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (no. J14LC03); Shandong Graduate Student Novel Item (no. SDYY13012), and the International Cooperation Program for Excellent Lecturers of 2015 by the Shandong Provincial Education Department.

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All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

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Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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Zhao, M., Zhou, MF., Feng, H. et al. Determination of Tryptophan, Glutathione, and Uric Acid in Human Whole Blood Extract by Capillary Electrophoresis with a One-Step Electrochemically Reduced Graphene Oxide Modified Microelectrode. Chromatographia 79, 911–918 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3115-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10337-016-3115-z

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