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Parental food conditions affect sex-specific embryo mortality in the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis)

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Abstract

Different mortality of males and females during early post-hatching development in sexually size-dimorphic bird species is usually attributed to different nutritional requirements of the sexes, because mortality is mostly biassed toward the larger sex. We investigated whether sex-specific embryo mortality in the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis), a size-dimorphic seabird, depends on parental condition. To test this, we experimentally modified parental nutritional conditions by supplementary feeding of yellow-legged gulls during egg formation, to evaluate sex-biassed environmental sensitivity of gull embryos. We found that eggs were larger in supplemented clutches, but egg size did not affect embryo survival. Survival of male gull embryos was more related to parental food conditions than was survival of female embryos. Survival of male embryos in supplemented clutches was greater than in unsupplemented clutches whereas survival of female embryos was similar in both groups. Because size at hatching was similar in both sexes our results suggest that male phenotype disadvantage is not exclusively linked to the energy demands of size-dimorphic development at the embryo stage.

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Acknowledgments

E. Kalmbach, J. González-Solís, and I. Munilla provided helpful comments on the manuscript. Permission and logistical support were provided by Parque Nacional Das Illas Atlánticas de Galicia, Ministerio de Medio Ambiente, and the staff of the Islas Cíes. We are grateful to J.A. Godoy, A. Cordero, V.M. De La Cueva, G. Velo, O. Lorenzo, and R. Sánchez for assistance with determination of the sex of gull chicks, and to L. Sampedro for statistical advice. This study was partially supported by the Spanish project VEM2003–20052 from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología. A.V. was supported by a “Ramón y Cajal” fellowship from the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología.

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  1. Departamento de Ecoloxía e Bioloxía Animal, Facultade de Bioloxía, Campus Lagoas-Marcosende, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain

    Cristóbal Pérez, Alberto Velando & Jorge Domínguez

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  1. Cristóbal Pérez
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  2. Alberto Velando
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  3. Jorge Domínguez
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Correspondence to Cristóbal Pérez.

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Communicated by P.H. Becker

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Pérez, C., Velando, A. & Domínguez, J. Parental food conditions affect sex-specific embryo mortality in the yellow-legged gull (Larus michahellis). J Ornithol 147, 513–519 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10336-006-0074-4

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