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Green remediation of saline–sodic Pb-factored soil by growing salt-tolerant rice cultivar along with soil applied inorganic amendments

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Abstract

In Pb-factored soils, soil application of appropriate inorganic amendment along with cultivation of salt-tolerant crop species/genotypes for Pb immobilization can be a good choice. Hence, in saline-sodic and non-saline/sodic Pb-factored soils, Pb immobilization was observed as influenced by exogeneously applied inorganic amendments. Salt-tolerant rice cultivar Shaheen basmati was grown in present study. The current pot study consists of two factors: three inorganic amendments (i.e., gypsum, rock phosphate and di-ammonium phosphate) each with their three increasing rates along with uncontaminated and contaminated controls, and two types of Pb-factored soils (non-saline/sodic and saline–sodic). At harvest maturity, crop was reaped and straw, paddy yields and height of plant were noted. The results showed that Pb induced decrease in rice growth and physiological attributes (i.e., transpiration rate, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids) were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) counteracted by exogeneously applied inorganic amendments. Among the tested amendments, the highest gypsum application rate of 9 me Ca 100 g−1 soil was proved the most effective to improve rice growth, yield, physiological functions, and to reduce Pb concentration in rice both in saline-sodic and non-saline/sodic Pb-factored soils.

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Acknowledgements

The first author is highly grateful to the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan (17-5-4(Av-095)HEC/Ind-Sch) for financial support during this PhD research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory (for Research) Chiniot, Department of Agriculture, Government of Punjab, District Chiniot, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal

  2. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal, Tayyaba Naz, Wasim Javed & Ghulam Murtaza

  3. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Ecochemistry, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal & Gijs Du Laing

  4. Saline Agriculture Research Centre, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Tayyaba Naz

  5. School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia

    Tayyaba Naz

  6. Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Mazhar Iqbal Zafar

  7. Soil and Environmental Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Imtiaz

  8. Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan

    Omer Farooq &  Atique ur Rehman

  9. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Shafaqat Ali, Muhammad Rizwan & Sabir Hussain

  10. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar

    Wasim Javed

  11. Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan

    Muhammad Afzal

  12. Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Department of Agriculture, Government of Punjab, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Abid Mahmood

  13. Rapid Soil Fertility Survey and Soil Testing Institute, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore, Pakistan

    Shahzada Munawar Mehdi

  14. Soil and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, AARI, Faisalabad, Department of Agriculture, Government of Punjab, District Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Muhammad Aleem Sarwar

  15. Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan

    Shafaqat Ali

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  1. Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal
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  2. Tayyaba Naz
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  3. Mazhar Iqbal Zafar
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Correspondence to Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal.

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Iqbal, M.M., Naz, T., Zafar, M.I. et al. Green remediation of saline–sodic Pb-factored soil by growing salt-tolerant rice cultivar along with soil applied inorganic amendments. Paddy Water Environ 18, 637–649 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-020-00807-6

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