Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The leaching characteristics of Cd, Zn, and As from submerged paddy soil and the effect of limestone treatment

  • Article
  • Published:
Paddy and Water Environment Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Rice is cultivated in a paddy system, in which there are variations in water depth with the growth of rice, as well as alternating physical and chemical conditions in the subsurface soil such as alternating oxidizing and reducing conditions during periods of drainage and irrigation. Thus, in rice paddies, it is not clear whether the stabilization method is appropriate. In this study, laboratory-scale column tests were performed to simulate the reducing environment of submerged soil to identify the leaching characteristics of Cd, Zn, and As in paddy soil, as well as to examine the stabilization effect of limestone on the contaminants. As the column soils approached a reducing state, the solubility of Mn and then of Fe abruptly increased and continued to increase. This induced the abrupt leaching of Cd and Zn. Thereafter, Cd and Zn were adsorbed and precipitated to the soil surface, and their contents in the leachate decreased as the negative charge on the soil increased due to the increased pH caused by submersion. Meanwhile, the As concentration continued to increase in the form of highly mobile and toxic As(III). In the soil treated with limestone, however, the pH increased throughout the test period, and accordingly, cations, such as Fe, Mn, Cd, and Zn, had significantly lower mobility than in the control soil. The As concentration also continuously decreased due to the large amount of Ca in limestone.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahn BK, Lee JH, Kim KC, Kim HG, Jeong SS, Jeon HW, Zhang YS (2012) Changes in chemical properties of paddy field soils as influenced by regional topography in Jeonbuk Province. Korean J Soil Sci Fert 45:393–398 (in Korean)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Aiuppa A, Bonfanti P, D’ Alessandro W (2003) Rainwater chemistry at Mt. Etna (Italy): natural and anthropogenic sources of major Ions. J Atmos Chem 46:89–102

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Appel C, Ma L (2002) Concentration, pH, and surface charge effects on cadmium and lead sorption in three tropical soils. J Environ Qual 31:581–589

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Appelo T (2006) Arsenic in groundwater: a world problem. Seminar Utrecht 29 November 2006, Netherlands National Committee of the IAH, Netherlands

  • Atta SKh, Mohammed SA, Van Cleemput O, Zayed A (1996) Transformations of iron and manganese under controlled Eh, Eh–pH conditions and addition of organic matter. Soil Technology 9:223–237

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basta NT, McGowen SL (2004) Evaluation of chemical immobilization treatments for reducing heavy metal transport in a smelter-contaminated soil. Environ Pollut 127:73–82

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Biterna M, Arditsoglou A, Tsikouras E, Voutsa D (2007) Arsenate removal by zero valent iron: batch and column tests. J Hazard Mater 149:548–552

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Boivin P, Favre F, Hammecker C, Maeght JL, Delarivière J, Poussin JC, Wopereis MCS (2002) Processes driving soil solution chemistry in a flooded rice-cropped vertisol: analysis of long-time monitoring data. Geoderma 110:87–107

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Caetano M, Madureira MJ, Vale C (2003) Metal remobilisation during resuspension of anoxic contaminated sediment: short-term laboratory study. Water Air Soil Pollut 143:23–40

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Charlatchka R, Cambier P (2000) Influence of reducing conditions on solubility of trace metals in contaminated soils. Water Air Soil Pollut 118:143–167

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Conesa HM, Faz A, Arnaldos R (2006) Heavy metal accumulation and tolerance in plants from mine tailings of the semiarid Cartagena–La union mining district (SE Spain). Sci Total Environ 366:1–11

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Farrang K, Senesi N, Nigro F, Petrozza A, Palma A, Shaarawi S (2012) Growth responses of crop and weed species to heavy metals in pot and field experiments. Environ Sci Pollut Res 19:3636–3644

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hartley W, Edwards R, Lepp NW (2004) Arsenic and heavy metal mobility in iron oxide-amended contaminated soils as evaluated by short-and long-term leaching tests. Environ Pollut 131:495–504

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hsu JC, Lin CJ, Liao CH, Chen ST (2008) Removal of As(V) and As(III) by reclaimed iron-oxide coated sands. J Hazard Mater 153:817–826

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hu S, Chen X, Shi J, Chen Y, Lin Q (2008) Particle-facilitated lead and arsenic transport in abandoned mine sites soil influenced by simulated acid rain. Chemosphere 71:2091–2097

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Janoš P, Vávrová J, Herzogová L, Pilařová V (2010) Effects of inorganic and organic amendments on the mobility (leachability) of heavy metals in contaminated soil: a sequential extraction study. Geoderma 159:335–341

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kögel-Knabner I, Amelung W, Cao Z, Fiedler S, Frenzel P, Jahn R, Kalbitz K, Kölbl A, Schloter M (2010) Biogeochemistry of paddy soils. Geoderma 157:1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources (KIGAM) (2011) Korea mineral information 2011. Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon

    Google Scholar 

  • Kumpiene J, Lagerkvist A, Maurice C (2008) Stabilization of As, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in soil using amendments - A review. Waste Manage 28:215–225

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JM, Go WR, Kunhikrishnan A, Yoo JH, Kim JY, Kim DH, Kim WI (2012) Model development for estimating total arsenic contents with chemical properties and extractable heavy metal contents in paddy soils. Korean J Soil Sci Fertil 45:920–924 (in Korean)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Malandrino M, Abollino O, Buoso S, Giacomino A, La Gioia C, Mentasti E (2011) Accumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil to plants and evaluation of soil remediation by vermiculite. Chemosphere 82:169–178

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mine Reclamation Corp (MIRECO) (2010) Yearbook of MIRECO Statistics, 2009. Mine Reclamation Corporation, Seoul Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MIFAFF) (2011) Food, agriculture, forestry and fisheries statistical yearbook, 2010. Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Gwacheon Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment (2007) Investigation of soil pollution status nearby abandoned metal mine. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment (2009a) Standard methods of soil sampling and analysis. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment (2009b) Standard methods of water sampling and analysis. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment (2010a) Soil environment conservation act. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment (2010b) Water quality conservation act. Ministry of Environment, Gwacheon Korea (in Korean)

    Google Scholar 

  • Moon DH, Dermatas D, Menounou N (2004) Arsenic immobilization by calcium–arsenic precipitates in lime treated soils. Sci Total Environ 330:171–185

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Naidu R, Kookana RS, Summer ME, Harter RD, Tiller KG (1997) Cadmium sorption and transport in variable charge soils: a review. J Environ Qual 26:602–617

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • NIAST (2000) Methods of soil chemical analysis. National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology (RDA), Suwon

    Google Scholar 

  • Ok YS, Usman AR, Lee SS, Abd El-Azeem SA, Choi B, Hashimoto Y, Yang JE (2011) Effects of rapeseed residue on lead and cadmium availability and uptake by rice plants in heavy metal contaminated paddy soil. Chemosphere 85:677–682

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park BY, Lee JK, Ro HM, Kim YH (2011) Effects of heavy metal contamination from an abandoned mine on nematode community structure as an indicator of soil ecosystem health. Appl Soil Ecol 51:17–24

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rural Develoment Administration (RDA) (2011) Press release. RDA, Suwon (in Korean) www.rda.go.kr http://goo.gl/jvNpX). Accessed 12 Nov 2011

  • Ruttens A, Adriaensen K, Meers E, De Vocht A, Geebelen W, Carleer R, Mench M, Vangronsveld J (2010) Long-term sustainability of metal immobilization by soil amendments: cyclonic ashes versus lime addition. Environ Pollut 158:1428–1434

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sahrawat KL (2003) Organic matter accumulation in submerged soils. Adv Agron 81:169–201

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwab P, Zhu D, Banks MK (2007) Heavy metal leaching from mine tailings as affected by organic amendments. Bioresour Technol 98:2935–2941

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Xian X (1989) Effect of chemical forms of cadmium, zinc, and lead in polluted soils on their uptake by cabbage plants. Plant Soil 113:257–264

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang MK, Pu JC (2011) Mineral materials as feasible amendments to stabilize heavy metals in polluted urban soils. J Environ Sci 23:607–615

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors thank the Korean Mine Reclamation Corp (www.mireco.or.kr), Seoul, Korea for financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agriculture & Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea

    Sung-Wook Yun & Chan Yu

  2. Department of Agricultural Engineering, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gazwa, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, South Korea

    Chan Yu

Authors
  1. Sung-Wook Yun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chan Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chan Yu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yun, SW., Yu, C. The leaching characteristics of Cd, Zn, and As from submerged paddy soil and the effect of limestone treatment. Paddy Water Environ 13, 61–69 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-013-0407-x

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10333-013-0407-x

Keywords

Search

Navigation