Abstract
Black lesions on shoots of European pear trees observed in an orchard in Yamagata Prefecture in May 2007 were suspected to be caused by a bacterial pathogen. The surface of the colonies isolated on a high sucrose medium did not have the crater morphology that is characteristic of E. amylovora bvs. 1–3, and a specific DNA fragment was amplified from the isolates in the PCR using the EprpoD primer set. The partial sequences of the 16S rRNA gene placed the isolates in the genus Erwinia. The isolates differed serologically from E. amylovora biovars and E. pyrifoliae in an Ouchterlony double-diffusion test although their bacterial properties suggested that they are closely related to E. amylovora biovars and E. pyrifoliae. In a DNA–DNA hybridization test, the relatedness between the isolates and E. amylovora biovars or E. pyrifoliae did not exceed 70% level, indicating that they are independent species. Thus, the isolates belongs to the genus Erwnia but are not E. amylovra or E. pyrifoliae. After succulent pear shoots were injected with bacterial suspensions (109, 108, 107 and 106 cfu/ml) of the isolates, lesions formed with 109 and 108 cfu/ml, but the disease incidence with 108 cfu/ml was much lower than with E. amylovora and E. pyrifoliae. Virulence of the present isolates is thus thought to be very weak. On the basis of these results, we consider that this is a new shoot disease of European pear. In the 2007 season, all affected trees were pulled out after harvest. No symptoms have been observed in field surveys since the fruitlet season in 2007.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Ms Y. Kumagai in Yokohama Plant Protection Station for her critical reading and valuable suggestions for the manuscript. We are grateful to Drs. T. Shimane, K. Yoshida and T. Ito, National Institute of Tree Fruit Science for providing immature fruits and scions for inoculation tests.
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Mizuno, A., Tsukamoto, T., Shimizu, Y. et al. Occurrence of bacterial black shoot disease of European pear in Yamagata Prefecture. J Gen Plant Pathol 76, 43–51 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-009-0215-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10327-009-0215-8