Abstract
The quantity and quality of leachate generated in a landfill are very important when it comes to waste management. Sanitary landfill is still being considered as most common element for waste management. Leachate is generated in both fluctuating quantity and quality during landfilling. To eliminate the adverse effects arising from leachate and meet standards for discharge into the environment, the authorities have forced to use suitable and effective methods and technologies for leachate treatment. “Here we review (1) comprehensive information on landfill leachate (LFL) in terms of quantity, quality, and treatment methods mostly used in Iran. (2) In the present review, the treatment methods have been classified into four categories: (a) physical, (b) physicochemical, (c) biological, and (d) combined biological and physicochemical and their advantages, drawbacks, and efficiency are discussed”. Given the presence of bio-recalcitrant and refractory elements in leachate and also strict standards enacted for protection the environment, application physicochemical, as a pretreatment and biological technology seems to be a complementary option for landfill leachate treatment in Iran. However, unfortunately there are no valid information in view both points of valorization and characteristics, therefore, it can fascinate researchers to pay attention these critical parameters in LFL treatment and waste management.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abduli MA, Naghib A, Yonesi M, Akbari A (2011) Life cycle assessment (LCA) of solid waste management strategies in Tehran: landfill and composting plus landfill. Environ Monit Assess 178:487–498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-010-1707-x
Aghamohammadi N, Aziz HBA, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA (2007) Powdered activated carbon augmented activated sludge process for treatment of semi-aerobic landfill leachate using response surface methodology. Bioresour Technol 98:3570–3578. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2006.11.037
Ahmadian M, Reshadat S, Yousefi N et al (2013) Municipal leachate treatment by Fenton process: effect of some variable and kinetics. J Environ Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/169682
Ahmed FN, Lan CQ (2012) Treatment of landfill leachate using membrane bioreactors: a review. Desalination 287:41–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.12.012
Amirhossein M, Aliakbar R, Ramin NN et al (2012) Improvement of landfill leachate biodegradability with ultrasonic process. E-J Chem 9:766–771. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/820971
Amiri A, Sabour MR (2014) Multi-response optimization of Fenton process for applicability assessment in landfill leachate treatment. Waste Manag 34:2528–2536. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2014.08.010
Amirian P, Bazrafshan E, Payandeh A (2017) Optimisation of chemical oxygen demand removal from landfill leachate by sonocatalytic degradation in the presence of cupric oxide nanoparticles. Waste Manag Res 35:636–646. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X17704715
Amor C, De Torres-Socías E, Peres JA et al (2015) Mature landfill leachate treatment by coagulation/flocculation combined with Fenton and solar photo-Fenton processes. J Hazard Mater 286:261–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.12.036
Arunbabu V, Indu KS, Ramasamy EV (2017) Leachate pollution index as an effective tool in determining the phytotoxicity of municipal solid waste leachate. Waste Manag 68:329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.07.012
Arvin A, Peyravi M, Jahanshahi M, Salmani H (2016) Hydrodynamic evaluation of an anaerobic baffled reactor for landfill leachate treatment. Desalin Water Treat 57:19596–19608. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1106347
Bagheri M, Bazvand A, Ehteshami M (2017) Application of artificial intelligence for the management of landfill leachate penetration into groundwater, and assessment of its environmental impacts. J Clean Prod 149:784–796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.02.157
Bhatt AH, Karanjekar RV, Altouqi S et al (2017) Estimating landfill leachate BOD and COD based on rainfall, ambient temperature, and waste composition: exploration of a MARS statistical approach. Environ Technol Innov 8:1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2017.03.003
Biglarijoo N, Mirbagheri SA, Ehteshami M, Ghaznavi SM (2016) Optimization of Fenton process using response surface methodology and analytic hierarchy process for landfill leachate treatment. Process Saf Environ Prot 104:150–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.08.019
Bilgili MS, Demir A, Özkaya B (2007) Influence of leachate recirculation on aerobic and anaerobic decomposition of solid wastes. J Hazard Mater 143:177–183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.09.012
Bolyard SC, Reinhart DR (2016) Application of landfill treatment approaches for stabilization of municipal solid waste. Waste Manag 55:22–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.024
Boussahel R, Harik D, Mammar M, Lamara-Mohamed S (2007) Degradation of obsolete DDT by Fenton oxidation with zero-valent iron. Desalination 206:369–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2006.04.059
Christensen TH (2011) Solid waste technology and management, vol 1. Wiley, London, pp 3–16
Deng Y, Englehardt JD (2006) Treatment of landfill leachate by the Fenton process. Water Res 40:3683–3694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2006.08.009
Derakhshan M (2012) Study on the performance of sequential two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor followed by aerated lagoon in municipal landfill leachate. Trends Adv Sci Eng 5:7–16
Emamjomeh MM, Tahergorabi M, Farzadkia M, Bazrafshan E (2017) A review of the use of earthworms and aquatic worms for reducing sludge produced: an innovative ecotechnology. Waste Biomass Valoriz. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9907-z
Esfahani K (2013) Comparison the efficacy of Fenton and “nZVI + H 2 O 2” processes in municipal solid waste landfill leachate treatment (case study: Hamadan landfill leachate). Int J Environ Res 7:187–194
Esfahani Kashitarash Z, Mohammad Taghi S, Kazem N et al (2012) Application of iron nanaoparticles in landfill leachate treatment-case study: Hamadan landfill leachate. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 9:1–5. https://doi.org/10.1186/1735-2746-9-36
Expósito AJ, Monteagudo JM, Durán A et al (2018) Study of the intensification of solar photo-Fenton degradation of carbamazepine with ferrioxalate complexes and ultrasound. J Hazard Mater 342:597–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.08.069
Fernandes A, Pacheco MJ, Ciríaco L, Lopes A (2015) Review on the electrochemical processes for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachates: present and future. Appl Catal B Environ. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.03.052
Ghafari S, Aziz HA, Isa MH, Zinatizadeh AA (2009) Application of response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize coagulation–flocculation treatment of leachate using poly-aluminum chloride (PAC) and alum. J Hazard Mater 163:650–656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.07.090
Ghanbarzadeh Lak M, Sabour MR, Amiri A, Rabbani O (2012) Application of quadratic regression model for Fenton treatment of municipal landfill leachate. Waste Manag 32:1895–1902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.05.020
Ghosh P, Thakur IS, Kaushik A (2017) Bioassays for toxicological risk assessment of landfill leachate: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 141:259–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.023
Govahi S, Karimi-Jashni A, Derakhshan M (2012) Treatability of landfill leachate by combined upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor and aerated lagoon. Int J Environ Sci Technol 9:145–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-011-0021-7
Guo JS, Abbas AA, Chen YP et al (2010) Treatment of landfill leachate using a combined stripping, Fenton, SBR, and coagulation process. J Hazard Mater 178:699–705. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.01.144
Guven H, Akca MS, Iren E et al (2017) Co-digestion performance of organic fraction of municipal solid waste with leachate: preliminary studies. Waste Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.04.039
Hajipour A, Moghadam N, Nosrati M, Shojaosadati SA (2011) Aerobic thermophilic treatment of landfill leachate in a moving-bed biofilm bioreactor. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 8:3–14
Hassan M, Wang X, Wang F et al (2017) Coupling ARB-based biological and photochemical (UV/TiO2 and UV/S2O28) techniques to deal with sanitary landfill leachate. Waste Manag 63:292–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.003
Hassani G, Alinejad A, Sadat A et al (2016) Optimization of landfill leachate treatment process by electrocoagulation, electroflotation and sedimentation sequential method. Int J Electrochem Sci 11:6705–6718. https://doi.org/10.20964/2016.08.10
Hassanvand MS, Nabizadeh R, Heidari M (2008) Municipal solid waste analysis in Iran. Iranian J Health Environ 1:9–18
Hatika Abu Bakar SN, Hasan HA, Mohammad AW et al (2017) A review of moving-bed biofilm reactor technology for palm oil mill effluent treatment. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.100
Jaafarzadeh N, Jorfi S, Kalantary RR et al (2010) Evaluation of biological landfill leachate treatment incorporating struvite precipitation and powdered activated carbon addition. Waste Manag Res 28:759–766. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X09357077
Jamali HA, Mahvi AH, Nabizadeh R et al (2009) Combination of coagulation–flocculation and ozonation processes for treatment of partially stabilized landfill leachate of Tehran. World Sci Appl J 5:9–15
Kalčíková G, Vávrová M, Zagorc-Končan J, Žgajnar Gotvajn A (2011) Seasonal variations in municipal landfill leachate quality. Manag Environ Qual Int J 22:612–619. https://doi.org/10.1108/14777831111159734
Kheradmand S, Karimi-Jashni A, Sartaj M (2010) Treatment of municipal landfill leachate using a combined anaerobic digester and activated sludge system. Waste Manag 30:1025–1031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2010.01.021
Kim S, Bae J, Choi O et al (2014) A pilot scale two-stage anaerobic digester treating food waste leachate (FWL): performance and microbial structure analysis using pyrosequencing. Process Biochem 49:301–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2013.10.022
Kjeldsen P, Barlaz MA, Rooker AP et al (2002) Present and long-term composition of MSW landfill leachate: a review. Crit Rev Environ Sci Technol 32:297–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/10643380290813462
Kulikowska D, Klimiuk E (2008) The effect of landfill age on municipal leachate composition. Bioresour Technol 99:5981–5985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.10.015
Li XZ, Zhao QL, Hao XD (1999) Ammonium removal from landfill leachate by chemical precipitation. Waste Manag 19:409–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0956-053X(99)00148-8
Liu J, Zhong J, Wang Y et al (2010) Effective bio-treatment of fresh leachate from pretreated municipal solid waste in an expanded granular sludge bed bioreactor. Bioresour Technol 101:1447–1452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.07.003
Lopez A, Pagano M, Volpe A, Di Pinto AC (2004) Fenton’s pre-treatment of mature landfill leachate. Chemosphere 54:1005–1010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.09.015
Mahmoudkhani R, Hassani AH, Torabian A, Borghei SM (2012) Study on high-strength anaerobic landfill leachate treatability by membrane bioreactor coupled with reverse osmosis. Int J Environ Res 6:129–138
Mandal P, Dubey BK, Gupta AK (2017) Review on landfill leachate treatment by electrochemical oxidation: drawbacks, challenges and future scope. Waste Manag. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.08.034
Mohan S, Gandhimathi R (2009) Removal of heavy metal ions from municipal solid waste leachate using coal fly ash as an adsorbent. J Hazard Mater 169:351–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.104
Mojiri A, Ziyang L, Tajuddin RM et al (2016) Co-treatment of landfill leachate and municipal wastewater using the ZELIAC/zeolite constructed wetland system. J Environ Manage 166:124–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.10.020
Moody CM, Townsend TG (2017) A comparison of landfill leachates based on waste composition. Waste Manag 63:267–274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.09.020
Moradi M, Ghanbari F (2016) Application of response surface method for coagulation process in leachate treatment as pretreatment for Fenton process. J Water Process Eng 4:67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2014.09.002
Nurisepehr M, Jorfi S, Kalantary RR et al (2012) Sequencing treatment of landfill leachate using ammonia stripping, Fenton oxidation and biological treatment. Waste Manag Res 30:883–887. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X11433526
Pirsaheb M, Azizi E, Almasi A et al (2015) Evaluation of the efficiency of the electrochemical process in removal of COD and NH4–N from landfill leachate. Desalin Water Treat. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1012560
Rabbani D, Mostafaii G, Roozitalab N, Roozitalab A (2012) Application of electrochemical process for removal of chromium and copper from Kahrizak leachate. World Appl Sci J 17:442–446
Rahmani A, Ghaffari H, Samadi M (2010) Removal of arsenic (III) from contaminated water by synthetic nano size zerovalent iron. World Acad Sci Eng Technol 4:3–6
Rasool MA, Tavakoli B, Chaibakhsh N et al (2016) Use of a plant-based coagulant in coagulation–ozonation combined treatment of leachate from a waste dumping site. Ecol Eng 90:431–437. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2016.01.057
Renou S, Givaudan JG, Poulain S et al (2008) Landfill leachate treatment: review and opportunity. J Hazard Mater 150:468–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.09.077
Sabour MR, Amiri A (2017) Comparative study of ANN and RSM for simultaneous optimization of multiple targets in Fenton treatment of landfill leachate. Waste Manag 65:54–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.03.048
Safari E, Bidhendi GN (2007) Removal of manganese and zinc from Kahrizak landfill leachate using daily cover soil and lime. Waste Manag 27:1551–1556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2006.10.003
Salehi S, Dehghanifard E, Jonidi Jafari A et al (2011) Qualitative assessment of compost products of Tehran and Khomein facilities, Iran. Int J Appl Environ Sci 6:81–89
Samadi MT, Saghi MH, Rahmani A et al (2010) Hamadan landfill leachate treatment by coagulation–flocculation process. Iran J Environ Health Sci Eng 7:253–258
Schroeder PR, Dozier TS, Zappi PA et al (1994) The hydrologic evaluation of landfill performance (HELP) model
Shafieiyoun S, Ebadi T, Nikazar M (2012) Treatment of landfill leachate by Fenton process with nano sized zero valent iron particles. Int J Environ Res 6:119–128
Shooshtari AA, Amin MM, Nabizadeh R, Jaafarzadeh N (2012) Treating municipal solid waste leachate in a pilot scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor under tropical temperature. Int J Environ Health Eng 1:36–40
Shu S, Zhu W, Wang S et al (2018) Leachate breakthrough mechanism and key pollutant indicator of municipal solid waste landfill barrier systems: centrifuge and numerical modeling approach. Sci Total Environ 612:1123–1131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.185
Spagni A, Marsili-Libelli S, Lavagnolo MC (2008) Optimisation of sanitary landfill leachate treatment in a sequencing batch reactor. Water Sci Technol 58:337–343. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2008.399
Tahmasbizadeh M, Amouei AI, Golbaz S et al (2015) Simultaneous removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium from landfill leachate using anaerobic digesters. J Babol Univ Med Sci 17(12):33–39
Tamrat M, Costa C, Márquez MC (2012) Biological treatment of leachate from solid wastes: kinetic study and simulation. Biochem Eng J 66:46–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2012.04.012
Torabian A, Hassani AH, Moshirvaziri S (2004) Physicochemical and biological treatability studies of urban solid waste leachate. Int J Environ Sci Technol 1:103–107
Vakilabadi DR, Ramavandi B, Hassani AH, Omrani G (2017) Application of Cu/Mg/Al-chitosan-O3system for landfill leachate treatment: experimental and economic evaluation data. Data Brief 14:192–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.07.063
Veli S, Öztürk T, Dimoglo A (2008) Treatment of municipal solid wastes leachate by means of chemical- and electro-coagulation. Sep Purif Technol 61:82–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2007.09.026
Wiszniowski J, Robert D, Surmacz-Gorska J et al (2006) Landfill leachate treatment methods: a review. Environ Chem Lett 4:51–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-005-0016-z
Wu Z, Yuste-Córdoba FJ, Cintas P et al (2016) Effects of ultrasonic and hydrodynamic cavitation on the treatment of cork wastewater by flocculation and Fenton processes. Ultrason Sonochem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.04.016
Xing W, Lu W, Zhao Y et al (2013) Environmental impact assessment of leachate recirculation in landfill of municipal solid waste by comparing with evaporation and discharge (EASEWASTE). Waste Manag 33:382–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2012.10.017
Xue Y, Zhao H, Ge L et al (2015) Comparison of the performance of waste leachate treatment in submerged and recirculated membrane bioreactors. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 102:73–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2015.01.005
Yang N, Damgaard A, Kjeldsen P et al (2015) Quantification of regional leachate variance from municipal solid waste landfills in China. Waste Manag 46:362–372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.09.016
Zazouli MA, Yousefi Z (2008) Removal of heavy metals from solid wastes leachates coagulation–flocculation process. J Appl Sci 8:2142–2147
Zazouli MA, Yousefi Z, Eslami A, Bagheri Ardebilian M (2012) Municipal solid waste landfill leachate treatment by Fenton, photo-Fenton and Fenton-like processes: effect of some variables. Iran J Environ Heal Sci Eng. https://doi.org/10.1186/1735-2746-9-3
Zhang H, Choi HJ, Canazo P, Huang C-P (2009) Multivariate approach to the Fenton process for the treatment of landfill leachate. J Hazard Mater 161:1306–1312. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.04.126
Acknowledgements
The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support given by Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (Grant Number 95-04-212-30149).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pasalari, H., Farzadkia, M., Gholami, M. et al. Management of landfill leachate in Iran: valorization, characteristics, and environmental approaches. Environ Chem Lett 17, 335–348 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0804-x
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-018-0804-x