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Temporale Enzephalozelen – eine neue Ursache von Temporallappenepilepsien?

Temporal encephaloceles—a new cause of temporal lobe epilepsy?

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Zeitschrift für Epileptologie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Temporale Enzephalozelen sind bisher nur in wenigen Fällen als Ursache von symptomatischen Epilepsien beschrieben worden. Zunehmende Beschreibungen in Fallserien weisen jedoch darauf hin, dass temporale Enzephalozelen eine wichtige Ursache von „läsionsnegativen“ Temporallappenepilepsien darstellen können.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel ist es, einen Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Wissensstand über epileptogene temporale Enzephalozelen zu geben und das Bewusstsein für diese Entität zu stärken.

Material und Methoden

Nichtsystematisches Literaturreview.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Temporale Enzephalozelen lassen sich in etwa 0,3 % aller Patienten mit neu diagnostizierter Epilepsie und 2–4 % der Patienten mit einer pharmakoresistenten Epilepsie nachweisen. Temporale Enzephalozelen können angeboren sein oder sekundär durch Entzündungen, Traumata und Tumoren entstehen. Zudem wird ein kausaler Einfluss intrakranieller Hypertension angenommen. Die Erstmanifestation der durch temporale Enzephalozelen bedingten Epilepsie liegt meist im höheren Erwachsenenalter. Semiologisch liegt meist eine mesiale Temporallappenepilepsie vor. Außerhalb spezialisierter Zentren ist die Erkennungsquote auch bei pharmakoresistenten Temporallappenepilepsien gering. Ein individualisiertes epilepsiechirurgisches Vorgehen bietet gute Chancen für eine dauerhafte Anfallsfreiheit.

Abstract

Background

Temporal encephaloceles have so far only been described in a few cases as the cause of symptomatic epilepsy; however, increasing descriptions in case series indicate that temporal encephaloceles could be an important cause of lesion negative temporal lobe epilepsy.

Objective

The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the current state of knowledge on epileptogenic temporal encephaloceles and to raise awareness of this entity.

Material and methods

The article presents a non-systematic literature review.

Results and discussion

Temporal encephaloceles can be detected in approximately 0.3% of all patients with newly diagnosed epilepsy and 2–4% of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. They can be congenital or secondary due to inflammation, trauma and tumors. In addition, a causal influence of intracranial hypertension has been suggested. The first manifestation of epilepsy caused by temporal encephaloceles is usually in advanced adulthood. Semiologically, mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is usually present. Outside of specialized centers, the detection rate is low even in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy. An individualized epilepsy surgical procedure offers good chances for permanent freedom from seizures.

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Förderung

Die Erstellung der Übersichtsarbeit wurde vom Land Hessen im Rahmen des LOEWE Schwerpunktes CePTER (https://www.uni-frankfurt.de/67689811) unterstützt.

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Correspondence to Johann Philipp Zöllner.

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Interessenkonflikt

J.P. Zöllner erhielt Reisekostenerstattung und ein Vortragshonorar von Eisai. F. Rosenow erhielt Beratungs- und Referentenhonorare von Eisai, UCB-Pharma, Desitin Arzneimittel, Novartis, Medtronic, cerbomed, Sandoz, GW Pharma, vfa und Shire sowie Forschungsförderung durch die Europäische Union, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, die Hessischen Ministerien für Wissenschaft und Kunst sowie für Soziales und Integration und den Detlev-Wrobel-Fonds für Epilepsieforschung. A. Strzelczyk erhielt Beratungs‑, Referentenhonorare und/oder Unterstützung für Forschungsvorhaben von Arvelle Therapeutics, Desitin Arzneimittel, Eisai, GW Pharma, LivaNova, Marinus Pharma, Medtronic, Sage Therapeutics, UCB Pharma und Zogenix. E. Paule, M. Wagner und T.M. Freiman geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Zöllner, J.P., Paule, E., Wagner, M. et al. Temporale Enzephalozelen – eine neue Ursache von Temporallappenepilepsien?. Z. Epileptol. 33, 15–21 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-019-00300-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-019-00300-z

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