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Prebiotics: tools to manipulate the gut microbiome and metabolome

  • Food Biotechnology & Probiotics - Review
  • Published:
Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology

Abstract

The human gut is an ecosystem comprising trillions of microbes interacting with the host. The composition of the microbiota and their interactions play roles in different biological processes and in the development of human diseases. Close relationships between dietary modifications, microbiota composition and health status have been established. This review focuses on prebiotics, or compounds which selectively encourage the growth of beneficial bacteria, their mechanisms of action and benefits to human hosts. We also review advances in synthesis technology for human milk oligosaccharides, part of one of the most well-characterized prebiotic–probiotic relationships. Current and future research in this area points to greater use of prebiotics as tools to manipulate the microbial and metabolic diversity of the gut for the benefit of human health.

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Abbreviations

DP:

Degree of polymerization

HMO:

Human milk oligosaccharide

FOS:

Fructooligosaccharide

GOS:

Galactooligosaccharides

MOS:

Mannan-oligosaccharides

SCFA:

Short-chain fatty acid

XOS:

Xylooligosaccharides

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Iowa State University Startup Funds. F.E. was supported in part by the Manley Hoppe Professorship and T.J.M. by the Karen and Denny Vaughn Faculty Fellowship.

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    Fatima Enam & Thomas J. Mansell

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Enam, F., Mansell, T.J. Prebiotics: tools to manipulate the gut microbiome and metabolome. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 46, 1445–1459 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-019-02203-4

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