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Identification of Geotrichum candidum at the species and strain level: proposal for a standardized protocol

  • Original Paper
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Journal of Industrial Microbiology and Biotechnology

Abstract

In this study, the M13 primer was used to distinguish Geotrichum candidum from the anamorphic and teleomorphic forms of other arthrospore-forming species (discriminatory power = 0.99). For intraspecific characterization, the GATA4 primer showed the highest level of discrimination for G. candidum among the 20 microsatellite primers tested. A molecular typing protocol (DNA concentration, hybridization temperature and type of PCR machine) was optimized through a series of intra- and interlaboratory trials. This protocol was validated using 75 strains of G. candidum, one strain of G. capitatum and one strain of G. fragrans, and exhibited a discrimination score of 0.87. This method could therefore be used in the agro-food industries to identify and to evaluate biodiversity and trace strains of G. candidum. The results show that the GATA4 primer might be used to differentiate strains according to their ecological niche.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out within the framework of several research programs funded by the ACTIA and ARILAIT-Recherches: “Molecular keys for the identification of yeasts and molds and traceability of yeasts” and “MATEASy” (molecular and analysis tools for easy and simple identification). This work was supported by the Association de Coordination Technique des Industries Alimentaires (ACTIA), the Association de Recherche des Industries Laitières (ARILAIT RECHERCHE), the Ministère de l’Education Nationale, de l’Enseignement Supérieur, et de la Recherche (MENESR, France) and by the Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA, France). We thank the Institut Français des Boissons de la Brasserie Malterie for the malting environment strain and F. Grenouillet (Parasitology Laboratory, Besançon University Hospital) for providing the human strains of G. candidum.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Microbiologie Alimentaire, Université de Caen Basse-Normandie, Esplanade de la Paix, 14032, Caen cedex, France

    S. Gente & M. Gueguen

  2. ADRIA Développement Créac’h Gwen, 29196, Quimper, France

    D. Sohier

  3. ADRIA Normandie, Boulevard du 13 juin 1944, 14310, Villers-Bocage, France

    E. Coton

  4. Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU, Avenue Côte de Nacre, 14033, Caen Cedex, France

    C. Duhamel

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  1. S. Gente
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Correspondence to S. Gente.

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Gente, S., Sohier, D., Coton, E. et al. Identification of Geotrichum candidum at the species and strain level: proposal for a standardized protocol. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 33, 1019–1031 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-006-0130-3

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