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Tamper Detection and Recovery for Medical Images Using Near-lossless Information Hiding Technique

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Abstract

Digital medical images are very easy to be modified for illegal purposes. For example, microcalcification in mammography is an important diagnostic clue, and it can be wiped off intentionally for insurance purposes or added intentionally into a normal mammography. In this paper, we proposed two methods to tamper detection and recovery for a medical image. A 1024 × 1024 x-ray mammogram was chosen to test the ability of tamper detection and recovery. At first, a medical image is divided into several blocks. For each block, an adaptive robust digital watermarking method combined with the modulo operation is used to hide both the authentication message and the recovery information. In the first method, each block is embedded with the authentication message and the recovery information of other blocks. Because the recovered block is too small and excessively compressed, the concept of region of interest (ROI) is introduced into the second method. If there are no tampered blocks, the original image can be obtained with only the stego image. When the ROI, such as microcalcification in mammography, is tampered with, an approximate image will be obtained from other blocks. From the experimental results, the proposed near-lossless method is proven to effectively detect a tampered medical image and recover the original ROI image. In this study, an adaptive robust digital watermarking method combined with the operation of modulo 256 was chosen to achieve information hiding and image authentication. With the proposal method, any random changes on the stego image will be detected in high probability.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Imaging, Chang-Hua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan

    Jeffery H. K. Wu

  2. Department of Radiological Technology, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Jeffery H. K. Wu

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

    Ruey-Feng Chang

  4. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng, Chiayi, Taiwan

    Chii-Jen Chen, Ching-Lin Wang & Ta-Hsun Kuo

  5. Department of Information Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, Taichung, Taiwan

    Ching-Lin Wang

  6. Department of Diagnostic Radiology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea

    Woo Kyung Moon

  7. Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nanhsiao Street, Changhua, 500, Taiwan

    Dar-Ren Chen

Authors
  1. Jeffery H. K. Wu
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  2. Ruey-Feng Chang
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  3. Chii-Jen Chen
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  4. Ching-Lin Wang
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  5. Ta-Hsun Kuo
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  6. Woo Kyung Moon
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  7. Dar-Ren Chen
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Correspondence to Dar-Ren Chen.

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Wu, J.H.K., Chang, RF., Chen, CJ. et al. Tamper Detection and Recovery for Medical Images Using Near-lossless Information Hiding Technique. J Digit Imaging 21, 59–76 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-007-9011-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-007-9011-1

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