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Computer-Aided Nodule Detection on Digital Chest Radiography: Validation Test on Consecutive T1 Cases of Resectable Lung Cancer

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Purpose

To evaluate the usefulness of a commercially available computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) system on operable T1 cases of lung cancer by use of digital chest radiography equipment.

Materials and Methods

Fifty consecutive patients underwent surgery for primary lung cancer, and 50 normal cases were selected. All cancer cases were histopathologically confirmed T1 cases. All normal individuals were selected on the basis of chest computed tomography (CT) confirmation and were matched with cancer cases in terms of age and gender distributions. All chest radiographs were obtained with one computed radiography or two flat-panel detector systems. Eight radiologists (four chest radiologists and four residents) participated in observer tests and interpreted soft copy images by using an exclusive display system without and with CAD output. When radiologists diagnosed cases as positives, the locations of lesions were recorded on hard copies. The observers’ performance was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

The overall detectability of lung cancer cases with CAD system was 74% (37/50), and the false-positive rate was 2.28 (114/50) false positives per case for normal cases. The mean A z value increased significantly from 0.896 without CAD output to 0.923 with CAD output (P = 0.018). The main cause of the improvement in performance is attributable to changes from false negatives without CAD to true positives with CAD (19/31, 61%). Moreover, improvement in the location of the tumor was observed in 1.5 cases, on average, for radiology residents.

Conclusion

This CAD system for digital chest radiographs is useful in assisting radiologists in the detection of early resectable lung cancer.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to express to Miho Ochi, M.D., Hirofumi Ihara, M.D., Eiki Nagao, M.D., and Daisuke Okamoto, M.D. for participating as observers; Mrs. Elisabeth Lanzl for improving the manuscript. K. Doi is a shareholder of R2 Technology, Inc. (Los Altos, CA, USA). CAD technologies developed in the Kurt Rossmann Laboratories have been licensed to companies including R2 Technology, Deus Technoligies, Riverain Medical Group, Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Median Technologies, Genaral Electric Corporation, and Toshiba Corporation. It is the policy of the University of Chicago that investigators disclose publicly actual or potential significant financial interests that may appear to be affected by research activities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Shuji Sakai M.D., Ph.D.

  2. Department of Clinical Radiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Hiroyasu Soeda M.D., Naoki Takahashi M.D., Takashi Okafuji M.D., Tadamasa Yoshitake M.D., Hidetake Yabuuchi M.D., Ph.D. & Hiroshi Honda M.D., Ph.D.

  3. Department of Surgery and Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan

    Ichiro Yoshino M.D., Ph.D.

  4. Mitsubishi Space Software, 5-4-36, Tsukaguchi Honmachi, Amagasaki, 661-0001, Japan

    Keiji Yamamoto B.S.

  5. Kurt Rossmann Laboratory, Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC2026, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA

    Kunio Doi Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Shuji Sakai M.D., Ph.D.
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  2. Hiroyasu Soeda M.D.
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  3. Naoki Takahashi M.D.
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  5. Tadamasa Yoshitake M.D.
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  6. Hidetake Yabuuchi M.D., Ph.D.
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  7. Ichiro Yoshino M.D., Ph.D.
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  8. Keiji Yamamoto B.S.
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  9. Hiroshi Honda M.D., Ph.D.
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  10. Kunio Doi Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuji Sakai M.D., Ph.D..

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Sakai, S., Soeda, H., Takahashi, N. et al. Computer-Aided Nodule Detection on Digital Chest Radiography: Validation Test on Consecutive T1 Cases of Resectable Lung Cancer. J Digit Imaging 19, 376–382 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-006-0626-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-006-0626-4

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