Skip to main content
Log in

A relational approach to defining and implementing transformations between metamodels

  • Special section on UML 2002
  • Published:
Software & Systems Modeling Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Model-Driven Architecture initiative of the OMG promotes the idea of transformations in the context of mapping from platform independent to platform specific models. Additionally, the popularity of XML and the wide spread use of XSLT has raised the profile of model transformation as an important technique for computing. In fact, computing may well be moving to a new paradigm in which models are considered first class entities and transformations between them are a major function performed on those models. This paper proposes an approach to defining and implementing model transformations which uses metamodelling patterns to capture the essence of mathematical relations. It shows how these patterns can be used to define the relationship between two different metamodels. A goal of the approach is to enable complete specifications from which tools can be generated. The paper describes implementations of the examples, which have been partially generated from the definitions using a tool generation tool. A number of issues emerge which need to be solved in order to achieve the stated goal; these are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. 2Uworks, Unambiguous UML (2U) Submission to UML 2 Infrastructure RFP, OMG document, January 2003

  2. Akehurst, D.H.: Model Translation: A UML-based specification technique and active implementation approach. thesis, Department of Computing, University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury, 2000

  3. Akehurst, D.H., Bordbar, B.: On Querying UML data models with OCL, In: Proceedings <<UML>> 2001 – The Unified Modeling Language: Modelling Languages, Concepts and Tools, LNCS, vol. 2185. Springer, October 2001

  4. Akehurst, D.H., Bowman, H., Bryans, J., Derrick, J.: A Manual for a ModelChecker for Stochastic Automata. University of Kent at Canterbury, Canterbury 9-00, December 2000

  5. Akehurst, D.H., Kent, S.: A Relational Approach to Defining Transformations in a Metamodel. In: Jézéquel, J.-M., Hussmann, H., Cook, S. (eds.) Proceedings The Unified Modeling Language 5th International Conference, LNCS, vol. 2460. Springer, Dresden, Germany, 2002, pp. 305–320

  6. Altheide, F., Durr, H., Schürr, A.: Requirements to a framework for sustainable integration of system development tools. In: Proceedings 3rd European System Engineering Conference, EuSEC 2002, 2002

  7. Alvarez, J.M., Clark, A., Evans, A., Sammut, P.: An action semantics for MML. In: Kobryn, C., Gogolla, M. (eds.) Proceedings Fourth International Conference on the Unified Modelling Language, UML 2001, LNCS. Springer, 2001

  8. Bernstein, P.A., Halevy, A.Y., Pottinger, R.A.: A vision management of complex models. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data) 29(4): 55–63, 2000

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bezivin, J.: From Object Composition to Model Transformation with the MDA. In: Proceedings 39th Technology of Object-Oriented Languages and Systems (TOOLS USA 2001), IEEE, Santa Barbara, California, August 2001

  10. Blaha, M., Premerlani, W.: A Catalog of Object Model Transformations. In: Proceedings 3rd Working Conference on Reverse Engineering, Monterey, California, November 1996

  11. Brooks, R.: Towards a theory of the comprehension of computer programs. International Journal Man-Machine Studies 18: 543–554, 1983

    Google Scholar 

  12. Clark, A., Evans, A., Kent, S.: Engineering modelling languages: A precise meta-modelling approach. In: Proceedings ETAPS 02 FASE Conference, LNCS. Springer, April 2002

  13. Clark, A., Evans, A., Kent, S.: Metamodel for package extension with renaming. In: Jezequel, J.-M., Hussmann, H., Cook, S. (eds.) Proceedings UML 2002 – The Unified Modeling Language 5th International Conference, LNCS, vol. 2460, Dresden, Germany, 2002, pp. 305–320

  14. Clark, A., Evans, A., Kent, S., Brodsky, S., Cook, S.: A feasibility study in rearchitecting UML as a family of languages using a precise OO meta-modelling approach. 2000, www.puml.org

  15. Claypool, K.T., Rundensteiner, E.A., Zhang, X., Hong, S., Kuno, H., Lee, W.C., Mitchell, G.S.: A solution to support multiple data models, their mappings and maintenance. SIGMOD Record (ACM Special Interest Group on Management of Data) 30(2), 2001

  16. D’Souza, D., Wills, A.: Objects, Components and Frameworks With UML: The Catalysis Approach. Addison-Wesley, 1998

  17. Ehrig, H., Engels, G., Kerowski, H.-J., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Handbook Of Graph Grammars And Computing By Graph Transformation Volume 2: Applications, Languages and Tools. World Scientific, 1999

  18. Engels, G., Heckel, R., Kuster, J.M., Groenewegen, L.: Consistency-preserving model evolution through transformations. In: Jézéquel, J.-M., Hussmann, H., Cook, S. (eds.) Proceedings The Unified Modeling Language 5th International Conference, LNCS, vol. 2460. Springer, Dresden, Germany, October 2002

  19. Fischer, T., Niere, J., Torunski, L., Zundorf, A.: Story Diagrams: Anew Graph Transformation Language based on UML and Java. In: Ehrig, H., Engels, G., Kerowski, H.-J., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Proceedings 6th International Workshop on Theory and Applications of Graph Transformation, TAGT’98 Selected Papers, LNCS, vol. 1764. Springer, 2000

  20. Gentleware, Poseidon UML tool, version 1.4. www.gentleware.org

  21. Gerber, A., Lawley, M., Raymond, K., Steel, J., Wood, A.: Transformation: The Missing Link of MDA. In: Corradini, A., Ehrig, H., Kerowski, H.-J., Rozenberg, G. (eds.) Proceedings Graph Transformation, First International Conference, ICGT 2002, LNCS, vol. 2505. Springer, Barcelona, Spain, October 2002, pp. 90–105

  22. Hausmann, J.H., Heckel, R., Sauer, S.: Extended model relations with graphical consistency conditions. In: Kuzniarz, L., Reggio, G., Sourrouille, J.L., Huzar, Z. (eds.) Proceedings UML 2002, Model Engineering, Concepts and Tools. Workshop on Consistency Problems in UML-based Software Development. Workshop Materials, Blekinge Institute of Technology, 2002, pp. 61–74

  23. Hausmann, J.H., Kent, S.: Metamodeling Relations – Relating metamodels. submitted to UML 2003, June 2003

  24. Hausmann, J.H., Kent, S.: Visualizing model mappings in UML. In: Proceedings ACM Symposium on Software Visualization 2003, San Diego, USA, June 2003

  25. KMF-team, Kent Modelling Framework (KMF). www.cs.kent.ac.uk/projects/kmf

  26. Mansurov, N., Ragozin, A.: Using declarative mappings for automatic code generation from SDL and ASN.1. In: Proceedings 9th SDL Forum. Elsevier, 1999

  27. Murphy, G., Notkin, D.: Software reflexion models: Bridging the gap between source and high-level models. In: Proceedings Third Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (FSE3), ACM SIGSOFT ’95, Washington, D.C., October 1995

  28. Oldevik, J., Solberg, A., Elvesaeter, B., Berre, A.J.: Framework for model transformation and code generation. In: proceedings 6th International Enterprise Distributed Object Computing Conference (EDOC 2002). IEEE Computer Society, Lausanne, Switzerland, September 2002, pp. 181–189

  29. OMG, Human-Usable Textual Notation Final Adopted Specification. Object Management Group, ptc/02-12-01

  30. OMG, Model Driven Architecture (MDA). Object Management Group, ormsc/2001-07-01, July 2001

  31. OMG, The Unified Modeling Language Version 1.4. Object Management Group, formal/01-09-67, Septamber 2001

  32. OMG, Meta Object Facility (MOF) Specification, Version 1.4. formal/2002-04-03, April 2002

  33. OMG, Request for Proposal: MOF 2.0 Query/Views/Transformations RFP. Object Management Group, ad/2002-04-10, April 2002

  34. OMG, Response to the UML 2.0 OCL Rfp (ad/2000-09-03), Revised Submission, Version 1.6. Object Management Group, ad/2003-01-07, January 2003

  35. OMG, Initial submission for MOF 2.0 Query/Views/Transformations RFP, QVT-Partners, Version 1.0. Object Management Group, March 2003

  36. OMG, MOF Query/Views/Transformations, Initial Submission (by DSTC). Object Management Group, ad/2003-02-03, March 2003

  37. OMG, XMOF, Queries, Views and Transformations on Models using MOF, OCL and Patterns. Object Management Group, ad/2003-03-24, March 2003

  38. Peltier, M., Ziserman, F., Bezivin, J.: On levels of model transformation. In: Proceedings XML Europe 2000. Paris, France, June 2000

  39. Reggio, G., Astesiano, E.: A proposal of a dynamic core for UML metamodelling with MML. Universit di Genova, Italy, DISI-TR-01-17, 2001

  40. Richters, M., Gogolla, M.: Validating UML models and OCL constraints. In: Evans, A., Kent, S., Selic, B. (eds.) Proceedings Third International Conference on the Unified Modeling Language (UML’2000), LNCS. Springer, York, UK, October 2000

  41. Schürr, A.: Specification of Graph Translators with Triple Graph Grammars. In: Tinhofer, G. (eds.) Proceedings WG’94 20th Int. Workshop on Graph-Theoretic Concepts in Computer Science, LNCS, vol. 903. Springer Verlag, Herrsching, Germany, June 1994, pp. 151–163

  42. Varró, D.: Automated Program Generation for and by Model Transformation Systems. In: Proceedings Workshop on Applied Graph Transformation, Grenoble, France, 2002, pp. 161–173

  43. Varró, D., Domokos, P., Pataricza, A.: UML Specification of Mathematical Model Transformation. Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Measurement and Information Systems, TR-10-2000, October 2000

  44. W3C, XSL Transformations (XSLT) Version 1.0. Clark, J. (ed.), W3C Remomendation, REC-xslt-19991116, November 1999

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to David Akehurst, Stuart Kent or Octavian Patrascoiu.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Akehurst, D., Kent, S. & Patrascoiu, O. A relational approach to defining and implementing transformations between metamodels. Softw Syst Model 2, 215–239 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-003-0032-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-003-0032-z

Keywords

Navigation