Abstract
This study aimed to clarify the relationship between age and occlusal force in adults with natural dentition. A total of 385 adults (180 males and 205 females) with natural dentition participated in this study. Subjects were asked to perform maximum clenching for approximately 3 s, and the occlusal forces on both sides and habitual chewing side were calculated using a dental prescale. Regression analysis was performed by sex with occlusal forces on both sides and habitual chewing side as the dependent variable and age as the independent variable. In addition, all subjects were divided into three groups: young group (20–39 years), middle group (40–59 years), and old group (60 years and over), and the occlusal forces on both sides and habitual chewing side were compared among the three groups. The occlusal forces did not differ from 20 to 60 years old for both males and females, and the occlusal forces gradually decreased after 60 years old. The curve of the polynomial equation was the most suitable. The occlusal forces on both sides and the habitual chewing side were similar in the young and middle groups, and the values of the old group were significantly smaller than those of the other two groups. From these results, it was suggested that the occlusal force of adults with natural dentition does not differ from 20 to 60 years old and can be represented by a curve of a cubic polynomial, and it significantly decreases after 60 years old.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Marquezin MC, Kobayashi FY, Montes AB, Gavião MB, Castelo PM. Assessment of masticatory performance, bite force, orthodontic treatment need and orofacial dysfunction in children and adolescents. Arch Oral Biol. 2013;58:286–92.
Tasaka A, Kikuchi M, Nakanishi K, Ueda T, Yamashita S, Sakurai K. Psychological stress-relieving effects of chewing - Relationship between masticatory function-related factors and stress-relieving effects. J Prosthodont Res. 2018;62:50–5.
Iwasaki M, Yoshihara A, Sato N, Sato M, Taylor GW, Ansai T, Ono T, Miyazaki H. Maximum bite force at age 70 years predicts all-cause mortality during the following 13 years in Japanese men. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43:565–74.
Takeshima T, Fujita Y, Maki K. Factors associated with masticatory performance and swallowing threshold according to dental formula development. Arch Oral Biol. 2019;99:51–7.
Schimmel M, Christou P, Herrmann F, Müller F. A two-colour chewing gum test for masticatory efficiency: development of different assessment methods. J Oral Rehabil. 2007;34:671–8.
Hara K, Tohara H, Kenichiro K, Yamaguchi K, Ariya C, Yoshimi K, Nakane A, Minakuchi S. Association between tongue muscle strength and masticatory muscle strength. J Oral Rehabil. 2019;46:134–9.
Sano M, Shiga H. Evaluation of occlusal force and masticatory performance in elderly adults with natural dentition unaffected by occlusal support. J Oral Sci. 2021;63:145–7.
Miyaura K, Morita M, Matsuka Y, Yamashita A, Watanabe T. Rehabilitation of biting abilities in patients with different types of dental prostheses. J Oral Rehabil. 2000;27:1073–6.
Ikebe K, Nokubi T, Morii K, Kashiwagi J, Furuya M. Association of bite force with ageing and occlusal support in older adults. J Dent. 2005;33:131–7.
Aras K, Hasanreisoğlu U, Shinogaya T. Masticatory performance, maximum occlusal force, and occlusal contact area in patients with bilaterally missing molars and distal extension removable partial dentures. Int J Prosthodont. 2009;22:204–9.
Motegi E, Nomura M, Tachiki C, Miyazaki H, Takeuchi F, Takaku S, Abe Y, Miyatani M, Ogai T, Fuma A, Fukagawa H, Kano M, Sueishi K. Occlusal force in people in their sixties attending college for elderly. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2009;50:135–40.
Chong MX, Khoo CD, Goh KH, Rahman F, Shoji Y. Effect of age on bite force. J Oral Sci. 2016;58:361–3.
Kosaka T, Ono T, Kida M, Kikui M, Yamamoto M, Yasui S, Nokubi T, Maeda Y, Kokubo Y, Watanabe M, Miyamoto Y. A multifactorial model of masticatory performance: the Suita study. J Oral Rehabil. 2016;43:340–7.
Nogawa T, Takayama Y, Ishida K, Yokoyama A. Comparison of treatment outcomes in partially edentulous patients with implant-supported fixed prostheses and removable partial dentures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2016;31:1376–83.
Tanaka M, Bruno C, Jacobs R, Torisu T, Murata H. Short-term follow-up of masticatory adaptation after rehabilitation with an immediately loaded implant-supported prosthesis: a pilot assessment. Int J Implant Dent. 2017;3:8.
Iwaki M, Kanazawa M, Sato D, Miyayasu A, Minakuchi S. Masticatory function of immediately loaded two-implant mandibular overdentures: A 5-year prospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2019;34:1434–40.
Sato N, Koyama S, Mito T, Izumita K, Ishiko R, Yamauchi K, Miyashita H, Ogawa T, Kosaka M, Takahashi T, Sasaki K. Changes in oral health-related quality of life after oral rehabilitation with dental implants in patients following mandibular tumor resection. J Oral Sci. 2019;61:406–11.
Fujimoto K, Suito H, Nagao K, Ichikawa T. Does masticatory ability contribute to nutritional status in older individuals? Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:7373.
Iyota K, Mizutani S, Oku S, Asao M, Futatsuki T, Inoue R, Imai Y, Kashiwazaki H. A Cross-sectional study of age-related changes in oral function in healthy Japanese individuals. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:1376.
Kim S, Doh RM, Yoo L, Jeong SA, Jung BY. Assessment of age-related changes on masticatory function in a population with normal dentition. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:6899.
Oki K, Ogino Y, Takamoto Y, Imai M, Takemura Y, Ayukawa Y, Koyano K. The significance of posterior occlusal support of teeth and removable prostheses in oral functions and standing motion. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18:6776.
Takahashi M, Takahashi F, Morita O. Evaluation of the masticatory part and the habitual chewing side by wax cube and bite force measuring system (Dental Prescale ®). J Jpn Prosthodont Soc. 2008;52:513–20.
Nakagawa K, Matsuo K, Takagi D, Morita Y, Ooka T, Hironaka S, Mukai Y. Effects of gum chewing exercises on saliva secretion and occlusal force in community-dwelling elderly individuals: a pilot study. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2017;17:48–53.
Sano M, Shiga H. Inter-measurement variation of masticatory performance test using gummy jelly. Odontology. 2022;110:212–5.
Shiga H, Komino M, Uesugi H, Sano M, Yokoyama M, Nakajima K, Ishikawa A. Comparison of two dental prescale systems used for the measurement of occlusal force. Odontology. 2020;108:676–80.
Shiga H, Nakajima K, Uesugi H, Komino M, Sano M, Arai S. Reference value of masticatory performance by measuring the amount of glucose extraction from chewing gummy jelly. J Prosthodont Res. 2022;66:618–22.
Palinkas M, Nassar MS, Cecílio FA, Siéssere S, Semprini M, Machado-de-Sousa JP, Hallak JE, Regalo SC. Age and gender influence on maximal bite force and masticatory muscles thickness. Arch Oral Biol. 2010;55:797–802.
Poli O, Manzon L, Niglio T, Ettorre E, Vozza I. Masticatory force in relation with age in subjects with full permanent dentition: a cross-sectional study. Healthcare. 2021;9:700.
Wong SL. Grip strength reference values for Canadians aged 6 to 79: Canadian health measures survey, 2007 to 2013. Health Rep. 2016;27:3–10.
Sasse EA, Doumas BT, Miller WG. How to define and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory; approved guideline. Document C28-A2. Pennsylvania: Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute; 2000.
Funding
The authors received no support from any grant.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Shiga, H., Komino, M., Yokoyama, M. et al. Relationship between age and occlusal force in adults with natural dentition. Odontology 111, 487–492 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-022-00750-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-022-00750-4