Abstract
Obligate biotrophic fungi that cause powdery mildew on host plants form a specialized infection organ called the haustorium in the host apoplast. It was previously reported that the haustorium is surrounded by host actin microfilaments (AFs). The previous study used fixed cells, in which AFs were stained with fluorescently labeled phalloidine, therefore the structural dynamics of haustorium-surrounding AFs has not been examined. In the present study, we performed a live imaging analysis to examine the dynamics and developmental changes in the organization of haustorium-surrounding host AFs using host Arabidopsis thaliana and A. thaliana-adapted powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii. Image correlation-based velocimetry analysis suggested that AFs around haustorium are rather static compared to the dynamicity of AFs at the cell surface. Quantification of AF density and bundling showed that the density, but not the level of bundling, of haustorium-surrounding AFs increased as the haustorium matures. The possible role of AFs around haustoria is discussed.
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Abbreviations
- AF:
-
Actin microfilament
- Bgh :
-
Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei
- CLSM:
-
Confocal laser scanning microscope
- Dpi:
-
Day(s) post inoculation
- GFP:
-
Green fluorescent protein
- PI:
-
Propidium iodide
- 3D:
-
Three-dimensional
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Acknowledgments
We thank Ms. Shitomi Nakagawa for her experimental support. We also thank Prof. Masao Tasaka, the late Prof. Ko Shimamoto, Prof. Takashi Hashimoto and members of his laboratory, and members of the Plant Global Education Project at NAIST for valuable discussions. The A. thaliana line expressing GFP-hTalin was provided by Dr Adrienne Hardham at the Australian National University. The KBI ImageJ plug-in used in this study was developed by Dr. Natsumaro Kutsuna at The University of Tokyo.
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This work was supported by a Scientific Research for Plant Graduate Student from NAIST, supported by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) to N.I. and a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (25711017 for T.H. and 24114007 and 25291056 for S.H.).
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Inada, N., Higaki, T. & Hasezawa, S. Quantitative analyses on dynamic changes in the organization of host Arabidopsis thaliana actin microfilaments surrounding the infection organ of the powdery mildew fungus Golovinomyces orontii . J Plant Res 129, 103–110 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-015-0769-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-015-0769-9