Abstract
The paradigm of dicotyledonous leaf expansion describes high relative growth rates at the leaf base, dampening towards the leaf tip. Soybean leaflet expansion was measured under different growth conditions with both conventional and time-lapse video techniques. In contrast to findings from other species, maximum growth rates occurred at ∼2 a.m. and the basipetal growth pattern was absent, suggesting the factors controlling soybean expansion are distinct from other species.
References
Avery GS (1933) Structure and development of the tobacco leaf. Am J Bot 20:565–591
Boyer JS (1968) Relationship of water potential to growth of leaves. Plant Physiol 43:1056–1062
Bunce JA (1977) Leaf elongation in relation to leaf water potential in soybean. J Exp Bot 28:156–161
Christ M (2005) Temporal and spatial patterns of growth and photosynthesis in leaves of dicotyledonous plants under long-term CO2 and O3 exposure. PhD Thesis, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf
Donnelly PM, Bonetta D, Tsukaya H, Dengler RE, Dengler NG (1999) Cell cycling and cell enlargement in leaves of Arabidopsis. Dev Biol 215:407–419
Granier C, Tardieu F (1998) Spatial and temporal analyses of expansion and cell cycle in sunflower leaves. Plant Physiol 116:991–1001
Granier C, Turc O, Tardieu F (2000) Co-ordination of cell division and tissue expansion in sunflower, tobacco, and pea leaves: dependence or independence of both processes? J Plant Growth Regul 19:45–54
Heckenberger U, Roggatz U, Schurr U (1998) Effect of drought stress on cytological status of Ricinus communis. J Exp Bot 49:181–189
Kessler S, Sinha N (2004) Shaping up: the genetic control of leaf shape. Curr Opin Plant Biol 7:65–72
Liljebjelke KA, Fraceschi VR (1991) Differentiation of mesophyll and paraveinal mesophyll in soybean leaf. Bot Gaz 152:34–41
Maksymowych R (1973) Analysis of leaf development. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Paul MJ, Pellny TK (2003) Carbon metabolite feedback regulation of leaf photosynthesis and development. J Exp Bot 54:539–547
Roggatz U, McDonald AJS, Stadenberg I, Schurr U (1999) Effect of nitrogen deprivation on cell division and expansion of Ricinus communis (L). Plant Cell Environ 22:81–90
Scharr H (2005) Optimal filters for extended optical flow. Proc Int Workshop Complex Motion 2005:LNCS3417
Schmundt D, Stitt M, Jaehne B, Schurr U (1998) Quantitative analysis of the local rates of growth of dicot leaves at a high temporal and spatial resolution, using image sequence analysis. Plant J 16:505–514
Taiz L, Zeiger E (1991) Plant Physiology. Benjamin/Cummings, Redwood City
Trainotti L, Pavanello A, Casadoro G (2004) Differential expression of genes in apical and basal tissues of expanding tobacco leaves. Plant Sci 167:679–686
Van Volkenburgh E (1987) Regulation of dicotyledonous leaf growth. In: Cosgrove DJ, Knievel DP (eds) Physiology of cell expansion during plant growth. American Society of Plant Physiologists, Rockville, pp 193–201
Van Volkenburgh E (1999) Leaf expansion—an integrating plant behaviour. Plant Cell Environ 22:1463–1473
Walter A, Schurr U (1999) The modular character of growth in Nicotiana tabacum plants under steady-state nutrition. J Exp Bot 50:1169–1177
Walter A, Schurr U (2000) Spatio-temporal variation of leaf growth, development and function. In: Marshall B, Roberts JA (eds) Leaf development and canopy growth. Sheffield Academic, Sheffield, pp 96–117
Walter A, Schurr U (2005) Dynamics of leaf and root growth: endogenous control versus environmental impact. Ann Bot 95:891–900
Walter A, Feil R, Schurr U (2002) Restriction of nyctinastic movements and application of tensile forces to leaves affects diurnal patterns of expansion growth. Funct Plant Biol 29:1247–1258
Acknowledgements
We thank the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation for post-doctoral funding for E.A.A. We also thank A. Chavarria, M. Christ, S. Matsubara and H. Scharr for assistance with growth measurements and analysis and A.D.B. Leakey for comments on an early draft of this manuscript.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ainsworth, E.A., Walter, A. & Schurr, U. Glycine max leaflets lack a base-tip gradient in growth rate. J Plant Res 118, 343–346 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-005-0227-1
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-005-0227-1