Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Genetic diversity of fragmented populations of Polygala reinii (Polygalaceae), a perennial herb endemic to Japan

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Journal of Plant Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Genetic variation at 10 allozyme loci was analyzed in 14 populations of Polygala reinii (Polygalaceae), a perennial herb endemic to central Honshu, Japan, with a fragmented geographical distribution. The levels of genetic variation within species (P=80.0, A=3.10, HE=0.303) and within populations (P=42.1, A=1.61, HE=0.163) were considerably higher than the mean for other endemic plants or short-lived perennial herbs. Genetic differentiation among populations was also high (GST=0.404). The genetic distance phenogram tended to show a clustering of the populations reflecting the fragmentation of the species range. A principal component analysis revealed the same tendency, as well as three groupings of populations in the Tokai district, on the Kii Peninsula and in the northern Kinki district. A negative correlation was obtained between the levels of gene flow and geographical distance among the populations (r=−0.745, P<0.0001). These results indicated limited gene flow among populations in P. reinii, presumably due to the geographical isolation accompanying the fragmented distribution. On the other hand, the geographical differentiation between the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean sides was found in P. reinii, suggesting the influence of postglacial migration on the establishment of the genetic structure of this species.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Affre L, Thompson JD, Debussche M (1997) Genetic structure of continental and island populations of the Mediterranean endemic Cyclamen balearicum (Primulaceae). Am J Bot 84:437–451

    Google Scholar 

  • Berg EE, Hamrick JL (1997) Quantification of genetic diversity at allozyme loci. Can J For Res 27:415–424

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • England PR, Usher AV, Wheman RJ, Ayre DJ (2002) Microsatellite diversity and genetic structure of fragmented populations of the rare, fire-dependent shrub Grevillea macleayana. Mol Ecol 11:967–977

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Felsenstein J (1995) PHYLIP (Phylogeny inference package) version 3.572. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle

  • Gitzendanner MA, Soltis PS (2000) Patterns of genetic variation in rare and widespread plant congeners. Am J Bot 87:783–792

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Godt MJW, Hamrick JL (1993) Genetic diversity and population structure in Tradescantia hirsuticaulis (Commelinaceae). Am J Bot 80:959–966

    Google Scholar 

  • Hamrick JL, Godt MJW (1989) Allozyme diversity in plant species. In: Brown ADH, Clegg NT, Kahler AL, Weir BS (eds) Plant population genetics, breeding and genetic resources. Sinauer, Sunderland, pp 43–63

  • Hiramatsu M, Ii K, Okubo H, Huang KL, Huang CW (2001) Biogeography and origin of Lilium longiflorum and L. formosanum (Liliaceae) endemic to the Ryukyu Archiperago and Taiwan as determined by allozyme diversity. Am J Bot 88:1230–1239

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hotta M (1974) History and geography of plants (in Japanese). Sanseido, Tokyo

  • Inoue K, Kawahara T (1990) Allozyme differentiation and genetic structure in island and mainland Japanese populations of Campanula punctata (Campanulaceae). Am J Bot 77:1440–1448

    Google Scholar 

  • Kang SS, Chung MG (1997) Genetic variation and population structure in Korean endemic species: IV. Hemerocallis hakuunensis (Liliaceae). J Plant Res 110:209–217

    Google Scholar 

  • Kobayashi T, Kurosaki N, Miyake S (1998) Flora of Rokko Mountains in Hyogo Prefecture (in Japanese). Kobe Parks and Greenery Association, Kobe

  • Li CC, Horbitz DG (1953) Some methods of estimating the inbreeding coefficient. Am J Hum Genet 5:107–117

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Loveless MD, Hamrick JL (1984) Ecological determinants of genetic structure in plant populations. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 15:65–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maki M (2001) Genetic differentiation within and among island populations of the endangered plant Aster miyagii (Asteraceae), an endemic to the Ryukyu Islands. Am J Bot 88:2189–2194

    Google Scholar 

  • Maki M (2003) Population genetics of threatened wild plants in Japan. J Plant Res 116:169–174

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Maki M, Yamashiro T, Matsumura S (2003) High levels of genetic diversity in island populations of the island endemic Suzukia luchuensis (Labiatae). Heredity 91:300–306

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Matolweni LO, Balkwill K, McLellan T (2000) Genetic diversity and gene flow in the morphologically variable, rare endemics Begonia dregei and Begonia homonyma (Begoniaceae). Am J Bot 87:431–439

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1972) Genetic distance between populations. Am Nat 106:283–292

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nei M (1973) Analysis of gene diversity in subdivided populations. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 70:3321–3323

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohi T, Wakabayashi M, Wu S, Murata J (2003) Phylogeography of Stachyurus praecox (Stachyuraceae) in the Japanese Archipelago based on chloroplast DNA haplotypes. J Jpn Bot 78:1–14

    Google Scholar 

  • Pither R, Shore JS, Kellman M (2003) Genetic diversity of the tropical tree Terminalia amazonia (Combretaceae) in naturally fragmented populations. Heredity 91:308–313

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raymond M, Rousset F (1995) GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J Hered 86:248–249

    Google Scholar 

  • Richardson BJ, Baverstock PR, Adams M (1986) Allozyme electrophoresis. Academic Press, San Diego

  • Saitou N, Nei M (1987) The neighbor joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4:406–425

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schönswetter P, Tribsch A, Schneeweiss GM, Niklfeld H (2003) Disjunctions in relict alpine plants: phylogeography of Androsace brevis and A. wulfeniana (Primulaceae). Bot J Linn Soc 141:437–446

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiraishi S (1988) Inheritance of isozyme variation in Japanese black pine, Pinus thumbergii Parl. Silv Genet 37:93–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Slatkin M (1993) Isolation by distance in equilibrium and non-equilibrium populations. Evolution 47:264–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Suyama Y, Tsumura Y, Ohba K (1997) A cline of allozyme variation in Abies mariesii. J Plant Res 110:219–226

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomaru N, Tsumura Y, Ohba K (1994) Genetic variation and population differentiation in natural populations of Cryptomeria japonica. Plant Species Biol 9:191–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomaru N, Mitsutsuji T, Takahashi M, Tsumura Y, Uchida K, Ohba K (1997) Genetic diversity in Fagus crenata (Japanese beech): influence of the distributional shift during the late-Quaternary. Heredity 78:241–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tsukada M (1983) Vegetation and climate during the last glacial maximum in Japan. Quat Res 19:212–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Turelli M, Barton NH, Coyne JA (2001) Theory and speciation. Trends Ecol Evol 16:330–343

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Weir BS, Cockerham CC (1984) Estimating F-statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution 38:1358–1370

    Google Scholar 

  • Wendel JF, Weeden NF (1989) Visualization and interpretation of plant isozymes. In: Soltis DE, Soltis PS (eds) Isozymes in plant biology. Dioscorides Press, Portland, pp5–45

  • Westerkump C, Weber A (1999) Keel flowers of the Polygalaceae and Fabaceae: a functional comparison. Bot J Linn Soc 129:208–221

    Google Scholar 

  • Workman PL, Niswander JD (1970) Population studies on southwestern Indian tribes. II. Local genetic differentiation in the Papago. Am J Hum Genet 22:24–49

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wright S (1965) The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics with special regard to system of mating. Evolution 19:395–420

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The author thanks Dr. H. Azuma, Dr. A. Naiki, Mr. F. Nakamura, Dr. J. Noguchi and Dr. T. Ohkawa for their assistance with field sampling.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan

    Masato Nakagawa

Authors
  1. Masato Nakagawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masato Nakagawa.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Nakagawa, M. Genetic diversity of fragmented populations of Polygala reinii (Polygalaceae), a perennial herb endemic to Japan. J Plant Res 117, 355–361 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-004-0167-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-004-0167-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation