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Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS and ExoT

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Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology

Part of the book series: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology ((REVIEWS,volume 152))

Abstract

ExoS and ExoT are bi-functional type-III cytotoxins of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that share 76% primary amino acid homology and contain N-terminal RhoGAP domains and C-terminal ADP-ribosylation domains. The Rho GAP activities of ExoS and ExoT appear to be biochemically and biologically identical, targeting Rho, Rac, and Cdc42. Expression of the RhoGAP domain in mammalian cells results in the disruption of the actin cytoskeleton and interference of phagocytosis. Expression of the ADP-ribosyltransferase domain of ExoS elicits a cytotoxic phenotype in cultured cells, while expression of ExoT appears to interfere with host cell phagocytic activity. Recent studies showed that ExoS and ExoT ADP-ribosylate different substrates. While ExoS has poly-substrate specificity and can ADP-ribosylate numerous host proteins, ExoT ADP-ribosylates a more restricted subset of host proteins including the Crk proteins. Protein modeling predicts that electrostatic interactions contribute to the substrate specificity of the ADP-ribosyltransferase domains of ExoS and ExoT.

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Abbreviations

GAP:

GTPase activating protein

ADP-r:

Adenosine diphosphate ribose

MLD:

Membrane localization domain

FAS:

Factor activating exoenzyme S

Crk:

CT-10 regulator of kinase

SBTI:

Soybean trypsin inhibitor

GEF:

Guanine nucleotide exchange factor

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  1. Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plk. Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA

    J. T. Barbieri & J. Sun

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  1. J. T. Barbieri
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  2. J. Sun
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Correspondence to J. T. Barbieri .

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© 2004 Springer-Verlag

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Barbieri, J.T., Sun, J. (2004). Pseudomonas aeruginosa ExoS and ExoT. In: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 152. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10254-004-0031-7

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